A brief introduction to PACIAE 4.0

IF 7.2 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computer Physics Communications Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI:10.1016/j.cpc.2025.109520

An-Ke Lei , Zhi-Lei She , Yu-Liang Yan , Dai-Mei Zhou , Liang Zheng , Wen-Chao Zhang , Hua Zheng , Larissa V. Bravina , Evgeny E. Zabrodin , Ben-Hao Sa

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Parton And-hadron China Institute of Atomic Energy (PACIAE) is a multipurpose Monte Carlo event generator developed to describe a wide range of high-energy collisions, including lepton-lepton, lepton-hadron, lepton-nucleus, hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions. It is built based on the PYTHIA program, and incorporates parton and hadron cascades to address the nuclear medium effects. PACIAE 4.0 is the new generation of PACIAE model surpassing the version 3.0. In PACIAE 4.0, the old fixed-format FORTRAN 77 code has been refactored and rewritten by the free-format modern Fortran and C++ languages. The C++-based PYTHIA 8.3 is interfaced in, while previous versions connected to the Fortran-based PYTHIA 6.4 only. Several improvements are also introduced, which enable PACIAE 4.0 to contain more physics and features to model the high-energy collisions. This is the first attempt to transition PACIAE from Fortran to C++.

Program summary

Program Title: PACIAE 4.0

CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/w3g68dj4d9.5

Developer's repository link: https://github.com/ArcsaberHep/PACIAE4

Licensing provisions: GPLv2 or later

Programming language: Fortran, C++

Journal reference of previous version: Computer Physics Communications 284 (2023) 108615

Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes

Reasons for the new version: Improved and expanded physics models, transition from FORTRAN 77 to the modern Fortran mixed with C++

Summary of revisions: PYTHIA 8 interface, transition to modern Fortran mixed with C++, and much more.

Nature of problem: The Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has been successfully applied to the study of the high-energy collisions. MC models are able to give a fairly good description of the basic experimental observables. However, as more and more experimental data become available, more accurate modeling is required.

Solution method: The parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 2 series [1-6] and 3.0 [7] are based on the Fortran-based PYTHIA 6.4 [8]. PYTHIA has been upgraded to the C++-based PYTHIA 8.3 [9] with more physics and features. Therefore we upgrade the PACIAE model to the new version of PACIAE 4.0 with the option to either PYTHIA 6.4 [8] or PYTHIA 8.3 [9]. In addition, several improvements have been introduced in this new version.

Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: Restrictions depend on the problem studied. The running time is 1–1000 events per minute, depending on the collisions system studied.

References

[1]
B.-H. Sa, et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 (2012) 333.
[2]
B.-H. Sa, et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 1476.
[3]
D.-M. Zhou, et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 193 (2015) 89.
[4]
Y.-L. Yan, et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 224 (2018) 417.
[5]
Z.-L. She, et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 274 (2022) 108289.
[6]
Y.-L. Yan, et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 284 (2023) 108615.
[7]
A.-K. Lei, et al., Phys. Rev. C 108 (2023) 064909.
[8]
T. Sjöstrand, et al., J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2006) 026.
[9]
C. Bierlich, et al., SciPost Phys. Codeb. 8 (2022).

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来源期刊

Computer Physics Communications 物理-计算机：跨学科应用

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

3.20%

发文量

287

审稿时长

5.3 months

期刊介绍： The focus of CPC is on contemporary computational methods and techniques and their implementation, the effectiveness of which will normally be evidenced by the author(s) within the context of a substantive problem in physics. Within this setting CPC publishes two types of paper. Computer Programs in Physics (CPiP) These papers describe significant computer programs to be archived in the CPC Program Library which is held in the Mendeley Data repository. The submitted software must be covered by an approved open source licence. Papers and associated computer programs that address a problem of contemporary interest in physics that cannot be solved by current software are particularly encouraged. Computational Physics Papers (CP) These are research papers in, but are not limited to, the following themes across computational physics and related disciplines. mathematical and numerical methods and algorithms; computational models including those associated with the design, control and analysis of experiments; and algebraic computation. Each will normally include software implementation and performance details. The software implementation should, ideally, be available via GitHub, Zenodo or an institutional repository.In addition, research papers on the impact of advanced computer architecture and special purpose computers on computing in the physical sciences and software topics related to, and of importance in, the physical sciences may be considered.