Virtual reality in stated preference survey for walkability assessment

Abstract

This study analyzes the use of virtual reality in walkability assessment. We conducted a stated preference survey to quantify urban characteristics promoting walkability. The urban characteristics were represented in virtual scenarios, presented in standard videos, and compared with three-dimensional scenarios using virtual reality immersive equipment. Data analysis involved: (i) measure of agreement between the online and in-person survey choices; (ii) analysis of Simulator Sickness symptoms; (iii) estimation of discrete choice models; and (iv) calculation of marginal effects. The results show agreement between online and in-person surveys regarding participants’ neighborhood choices. Some symptoms of simulator sickness increased after the immersive experience, but no apparent effect on participants’ choices was observed. The model results and the marginal effects computed indicate that Attractiveness and Sidewalk pavement quality were the most valued attributes by respondents in both surveys, followed by Security. Virtual reality facilitated the identification of urban environment aspects by providing a more realistic representation of complex attributes such as Safety, Attractiveness, and the availability of Stores and Services through its immersive nature.