Acidification of palm oil mill effluent with green waste vinegar enhances carboxydotrophic activity during anaerobic digestion

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.biteb.2025.102019

Khairunnisa Abdul Halim , Ee Ling Yong , Yu-You Li , Sumaeth Chavadej

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Abstract

Methane conversion is hampered by the high hemicellulose content in palm oil mill effluent (POME) and the neglect of carboxydotrophic pathway during anaerobic digestion. This study investigates solubilization and carboxydotrophic activity of acidified POME during anaerobic digestion. Green waste vinegar (GWV), a fermented liquid from plant-based food wastes, was used to acidify POME. The solubilization degree of POME increased as early as 24 h and reached a plateau on Day 2 or Day 3 depending on the GWV percentage. Biogas production increased with higher GWV percentage in acid phase (AP), from 0 % (Control) to 94.5 % (15 % GWV). Carbon monoxide was predominant in AP biogas and correlated with acetic acid content and methane production, while in methanogenesis phase (MP), no correlation was found. The study concludes that the addition of GWV significantly enhances POME solubilization and carboxydotrophic activity in AP, suggesting methane production in both AP and MP may involve the carboxydotrophic pathway.

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