The politics of renewable energy transition in Ghana: Issues, obstacles and prospects

Abstract

Global issues such as climate change and its associated negative impacts have reinforced the quest for more renewable energy sources. In line with this, world leaders in 2015 initiated a new direction for the world through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) specifically calls for among other things, substantial increase in the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. Against this backdrop, the Government of Ghana set a 10 % renewable energy generation target to be attained in 2020. However, this became a myth rather than a reality. Thus the Government of Ghana has extended its renewable energy target of 10 % to the year 2030. Using a qualitative case study approach, this study sought to unpack the circumstances leading to government's inability to meet the 10 % target, and what lessons could be drawn for meeting the new set target. Adopting Kingdon's Multiple Streams as a framework for analysis, the study found that although appropriate windows of opportunity were opened for coupling the streams of problem, policy and politics, policy entrepreneurs were reluctant to perform their coupling role. This was due to a number of factors including, but not limited to, the fact that Ghana has excess capacity and did not need more energy; the controversies surrounding the definition of hydro-energy; and unenthusiastic public opinion. The study encourages a more inclusive and participatory approach to energize stakeholders' efforts in similar future ventures.