Protocolo diagnóstico de la trombocitopenia

Abstract

Thrombocytopenia is defined as a decrease in platelet count below 150 x 10⁹/l, which increases the risk of hemorrhage in the form of mucocutaneous bleeding. Thrombocytopenias can be of congenital or acquired origin, the latter being more frequent. To reach a diagnosis, it is crucial to take a complete medical history and perform a comprehensive physical examination, expanding the study with additional tests according to clinical suspicion. A peripheral blood smear is a fundamental pillar in the diagnosis, as it allows for ruling out the common EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia and identifying some morphological features suggestive of certain etiologies. A correct etiological diagnosis is essential in order to avoid misdiagnoses that lead to unnecessary treatment.