Removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater using adsorption technology: Efficiency and influencing factors

IF 5.3 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Fernando García Ávila , Janneth Cabrera-Sumba , Sandra Valdez-Pilataxi , Jessica Villalta-Chungata , Lorgio Valdiviezo-Gonzales , Cecilia Alegria-Arnedo
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Abstract

Most industries are responsible for environmental pollution because their wastewater contains heavy metals that are hazardous. These metals tend to persist indefinitely in the environment, compromising not only human health but also the well-being of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to analyze the adsorption technology for removing heavy metals in industrial wastewater, evaluating influencing factors, adsorbent materials, applied isotherms and their advantages, through a systematic review of the scientific literature of the last 10 years. To conduct this research, the Scopus digital database was consulted. The search was conducted using a systematic review methodology and the PICO framework to identify, analyze, and interpret data on adsorption technology, factors influencing adsorption, the efficiency of different materials used as adsorbents, and the advantages and disadvantages of adsorption isotherms. To filter the information, the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were followed, which allowed the articles to be selected to answer the research questions posed in this study. Based on the results, it was found that the factors influencing the adsorption of heavy metals include pH (range of 3–9), contact time (range of 10–14,400 min), adsorbent dosage (0.011–20 g/L), temperature (25–30 °C), particle size, and agitation speed (100–800 ppm). Among the most efficient adsorbents are acacia cellulose lignin with 99.8% Cr, bentonite clay with 99% Cu, 96% Cd, and 99% Pb, modified sugarcane bagasse with 96.9% Cu, and activated carbon with 82.8% Cr at pH 3. The least efficient adsorbents are natural moss (54.5% Cr) and biochar from corn husks (20% Cr). The Freundlich isotherm model is the most used, and it can vary depending on the type of adsorbent, the correlation coefficient fit, and the type of heavy metal being treated. Finally, the advantages and limitations of some adsorbents are presented, primarily highlighting their low costs, reusability, and the sustainability they can offer in reducing environmental pollution.
吸附法去除工业废水中的重金属:效率及影响因素
大多数工业对环境污染负有责任,因为它们的废水中含有有害的重金属。这些金属往往会无限期地存在于环境中,不仅损害人类健康,也损害生态系统的福祉。本研究通过对近10年的科学文献的系统综述,分析了工业废水中重金属的吸附技术,评价了影响因素、吸附剂材料、应用等温线及其优点。为了进行这项研究,我们参考了Scopus数字数据库。研究采用系统综述方法和PICO框架来识别、分析和解释吸附技术、影响吸附的因素、不同吸附剂的效率以及吸附等温线的优缺点等方面的数据。为了过滤信息,遵循了系统评价和元分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)声明的指导方针,这使得文章可以被选择来回答本研究中提出的研究问题。结果表明,影响吸附重金属的因素有pH值(3 ~ 9)、接触时间(10 ~ 14400 min)、吸附剂用量(0.011 ~ 20 g/L)、温度(25 ~ 30℃)、粒径、搅拌速度(100 ~ 800 ppm)。在pH值为3的条件下,最有效的吸附剂为:Cr含量为99.8%的金合欢纤维素木质素、Cu含量为99%、Cd含量为96%、Pb含量为99%的膨润土、Cu含量为96.9%的改性甘蔗渣和Cr含量为82.8%的活性炭。吸附剂效率最低的是天然苔藓(54.5% Cr)和玉米壳的生物炭(20% Cr)。Freundlich等温线模型是最常用的,它可以根据吸附剂的类型、相关系数拟合和被处理重金属的类型而变化。最后,介绍了一些吸附剂的优点和局限性,主要强调了它们的低成本、可重复使用和可持续性,它们可以减少环境污染。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Cleaner Engineering and Technology
Cleaner Engineering and Technology Engineering-Engineering (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
218
审稿时长
21 weeks
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