Selective zinc recovery from spent alkaline batteries via multistage leaching with ammonium salts

IF 5.3 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Noelia Muñoz García , Joel Gutierrez Martinez , José Luis Valverde , Beatriz Delgado Cano , Jacques Huot , Michèle Heitz , Antonio Avalos Ramirez
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Abstract

The recycling of metals from spent alkaline batteries is essential for their proper management and for promoting sustainable battery consumption. Hydrometallurgical recycling techniques, such as leaching, are becoming important in batteries recycling. In this study, Zn has been selectively recovered from the black mass (BM) of spent alkaline batteries via chelating leaching using ammonium salts as chelating agents in single and multistage leaching units. The effect of leaching agent concentration, temperature, solid/liquid (S/L) ratio, a neutral leaching pretreatment and addition of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) to the leaching solution on the selective Zn extraction was studied. Results of single-stage leaching revealed a maximum Zn extraction efficiency of 69.3 ± 0.4 wt % using a 2M ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution at 25 °C and S/L ratio of 1/10 (g of BM/mL of solution). The addition of NH4OH 1M increased Zn extraction to 79.0 ± 1.9 wt %. These single leaching conditions were used to test three multistage leaching systems: solid-flowing in series, liquid-flowing in series and solid-liquid countercurrent. The recovery efficiency was maintained and sometimes it was improved in multistep configurations, reaching a maximum recovery efficiency of nearly 90 wt%. Additionally, cumulative zinc extraction across the multistage leaching setups was as follows: 145.6 g Zn/kg BM in the 3-unit-solid-flowing in series, 433.5 g Zn/kg BM in the 4-unit-liquid-flowing in series, and 132.46 g Zn/kg BM in two-unit countercurrent leaching. These concentrations were obtained using a raw BM containing 240.9 g Zn/kg BM. These results show that zinc can be selectively extracted from matrices containing other metals, allowing the development of efficient and cost-effective methods for recycling resources from spent batteries.
用铵盐多级浸出法回收废旧碱性电池中的选择性锌
从废旧碱性电池中回收金属对于电池的适当管理和促进电池的可持续消费至关重要。湿法冶金回收技术,如浸出,在电池回收中变得越来越重要。本研究以铵盐为螯合剂,在单段和多段浸出装置中选择性地从废碱性电池的黑色物质(BM)中回收锌。研究了浸出剂浓度、浸出温度、料液比、中性浸出预处理及在浸出液中加入氢氧化铵对锌选择性浸出的影响。单阶段浸出结果表明,在25°C、S/L比为1/10 (g BM/mL溶液)的条件下,2M的碳酸铵((NH4)2CO3)溶液中,Zn的提取率最高为69.3±0.4 wt %。NH4OH 1M的加入使锌提取率提高到79.0±1.9 wt %。在单一浸出条件下,对固液串联、液液串联和固液逆流三种多级浸出体系进行了试验。在多步配置下,采收率保持不变,有时还会有所提高,最高采收率接近90%。此外,在多阶段浸出装置中,锌的累计提取率如下:3单元固体流串联中,锌含量为145.6 g /kg BM; 4单元液体流串联中,锌含量为433.5 g /kg BM;两单元逆流浸出中,锌含量为132.46 g /kg BM。这些浓度是使用含有240.9 g Zn/kg BM的生BM得到的。这些结果表明,锌可以选择性地从含有其他金属的基质中提取,从而开发出有效且具有成本效益的方法来回收废电池中的资源。
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来源期刊
Cleaner Engineering and Technology
Cleaner Engineering and Technology Engineering-Engineering (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
218
审稿时长
21 weeks
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