Sustainable carbon nanomaterials solutions: Facile synthesis from heavy metal-rich water hyacinth using CVD method

IF 5.3 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.clet.2024.100862

Suparat Sasrimuang , Apichart Artnaseaw , Oranat Chuchuen , Chaiyapat Kruehong

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Abstract

A sustainable method for synthesizing carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) using water hyacinth, which accumulates heavy metals from contaminated water, has been developed. This approach eliminates the need for expensive external catalysts. CNMs were synthesized from the roots of water hyacinth cultured in iron-rich artificial wastewater for one week, compared to control plants grown under standard conditions. After treatment, the plants were harvested, and their phytoremediation efficiency was assessed using AAS. Results showed rhizofiltration as the primary mechanism in the roots. The roots were then used as raw material for CNM synthesis via a catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition process at 650 °C, with acetylene as the carbon source. Characterization using SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and TGA revealed that the CNMs mainly consisted of bamboo-like carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. The iron content in the treated roots acted as a catalyst for CNM formation, while Si and Al in the control sample facilitated nucleation. Raman spectroscopy confirmed a high degree of crystallization in both samples.

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