Ancient biomolecular analysis of 39 mammoth individuals from Kostenki 11-Ia elucidates Upper Palaeolithic human resource use

Alba Rey-Iglesia , Alexander J.E. Pryor , Deon de Jager , Tess Wilson , Mathew A. Teeter , Ashot Margaryan , Ruslan Khaskhanov , Louise Le Meillour , Gaudry Troché , Frido Welker , Paul Szpak , Alexandr E. Dudin , Eline D. Lorenzen
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Abstract

Circular structures made from woolly mammoth bones are found across Ukraine and west Russia, yet the origin of the bones remains uncertain. We present ten new mammoth radiocarbon dates from the largest circular structure at Kostenki 11-Ia, identifying two mammoth mandibles ∼200–1200 years older than the other dated materials from the site, suggesting skeletal material from long-dead individuals was scavenged and used in the site construction. Biomolecular sexing of 30 individuals showed a predominance of females, suggesting the Kostenki mammoths are primarily from herds. We identify seven mitochondrial lineages across 16 samples, and thus the mammoths are not all from the same matriline. Integrating biomolecular sexing with stable δ13C and δ15N isotope analysis, we find no isotopically-differentiated resource use by females and males, providing the first analysis of foraging differences between sexes in any Late Pleistocene megafauna. Our study highlights the significance of integrating ancient biomolecular approaches in archaeological inference.
来自Kostenki 11-Ia的39只猛犸象个体的古代生物分子分析阐明了旧石器时代晚期人类资源的利用
在乌克兰和俄罗斯西部,人们发现了由长毛猛犸象骨头制成的圆形结构,但这些骨头的来源仍不确定。我们从Kostenki 11-Ia最大的圆形结构中获得了10个新的猛犸象放射性碳测年,确定了两个猛犸象下颌骨比该遗址的其他测年材料早200-1200年,这表明从长期死亡的个体中提取的骨骼材料被用于遗址建设。对30个个体的生物分子性别分析显示,雌性占多数,这表明科斯滕基猛犸象主要来自兽群。我们在16个样本中确定了7个线粒体谱系,因此猛犸象并不都来自同一个母系。结合生物分子性别分析和稳定的δ13C和δ15N同位素分析,我们发现雌性和雄性没有同位素差异的资源利用,首次分析了晚更新世巨型动物的性别觅食差异。我们的研究突出了整合古代生物分子方法在考古推断中的意义。
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