Optimization of extraction parameters and anti-hyperglycemic assessment of standardized extract from Santalum album L. leaves

Phan Thi Kim Phung , Dang Ngoc Lam Binh , Nguyen Thi Anh Thu , Nguyen Van Ha , Tran Thi Huyen , Khuu Minh Hien , Mai Huynh Nhu , Ngo Kien Duc , Le Minh Quan
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Abstract

Background

Santalum album (SA) L., also known as sandalwood, a habituated plant in Asia and China, is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases, including inflammation and diarrhea. It is a versatile tree with considerable commercial worth, primarily due to its exceptionally fragrant qualities. Although extensively studied worldwide for its pharmacological effects, research in Vietnam has yet to develop optimized extraction processes or investigate the biological activities of SA L. constituents.

Aim of the study

The objectives of this study were to establish standards, optimize extraction processes, and evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of extracts from the leaves of SA.

Materials and methods

The extraction parameters for vitexin and isovitexin were optimized using response surface methodology. Vitexin and isovitexin were quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoglycemic effect of SA extract was assessed using a male Swiss albino mouse model.

Results and discussion

Quantification of vitexin and isovitexin in SA extract met the validation standards. The optimal extraction process involved refluxing at 66 °C for 180 min, using 70 % ethanol at a solvent-to-material ratio of 33:1 mL/g. Standardized extracts were developed using specified criteria for sensory properties, moisture, heavy metals, microbial limits, and compound identification. The SA extract contained 6.61 % vitexin and 4.47 % isovitexin (w/w). Safe oral SA doses of 1 and 2 g/kg were established, which improved body weight and blood glucose levels in rats with hyperglycemia.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the optimized method is effective for the extraction of vitexin and isovitexin from SA L. leaves and that the plant may serve as a potential candidate for the development of a new natural anti-diabetic agent.

Abstract Image

泻泻叶标准化提取物提取工艺优化及抗高血糖评价
檀香(santalum album (SA) L.),又称檀香(sandalwood),是亚洲和中国的一种常见植物,在中医中常用来治疗各种疾病,包括炎症和腹泻。它是一种用途广泛的树,具有相当大的商业价值,主要是由于它特别芬芳的品质。虽然在世界范围内对其药理作用进行了广泛的研究,但在越南的研究尚未开发出优化的提取工艺或研究SA l成分的生物活性。本研究旨在建立标准,优化提取工艺,并评价白杨叶提取物的降血糖作用。材料与方法采用响应面法对牡荆素和异牡荆素的提取工艺进行优化。采用高效液相色谱法对牡荆素和异牡荆素进行定量分析。采用雄性瑞士白化病小鼠模型,对SA提取物的降糖作用进行了评价。结果与讨论白杨提取物中牡荆素和异牡荆素的含量符合验证标准。最佳提取工艺为:在66°C条件下回流180 min, 70%乙醇,料液比为33:1 mL/g。使用感官特性、水分、重金属、微生物限度和化合物鉴定等特定标准开发标准化提取物。SA提取物中牡荆素含量为6.61%,异牡荆素含量为4.47% (w/w)。建立了1和2 g/kg的安全口服SA剂量,可以改善高血糖大鼠的体重和血糖水平。结论优化后的方法可有效地从白杨叶片中提取牡荆素和异牡荆素,为开发新型天然抗糖尿病药物提供了可能。
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