Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Crown-Ether Functionalized Silica Nanospheres from Sorghum Waste for Thallium Adsorption

IF 5.5 3区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jtice.2024.105851

Saeed Shirazian , Sameer Alshehri , Atiah H. Almalki , Rami M. Alzhrani , Niloofar Pirestani , Roozbeh Soltani

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

An environmentally sustainable method for synthesizing aza-crown ether functionalized fibrous silica nanospheres was developed using sorghum waste as a biogenic silica source. The goal was to create a novel adsorbent for thallium [Tl(I)] removal from water.

Methods

A direct synthesis approach was used to anchor aza-crown ether onto the silica fibers. The material was characterized for its fibrous spherical morphology and surface area (242 m² g^–1), and the successful grafting of the functional groups was confirmed. Adsorption studies were conducted to optimize parameters for Tl(I) removal, and kinetic, isothermal, and thermodynamic analyses were performed.

Findings

The material's maximum adsorption capacity, based on the Langmuir model at 298 K, was 13.1 mg g^–1 under optimal conditions (pH 9.0, 25 mL solution, 60 min contact time, 0.2 g L^–1 adsorbent, 185 rpm stirring). Kinetic analysis showed a closer fit to the pseudo-first-order model, with three-stage diffusion. Thallium adsorption was endothermic (

Δ H_{Ads .}^{o}

=38.72 kJ mol^–1), spontaneous (

Δ G_{Ads .}^{o}

ranging from –46.81 to –49.68 kJ mol^–1), accompanied by an increase in surface randomness (

Δ S_{Ads .}^{o}

=0.287 kJ mol^–1 K^–1).

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来源期刊

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

14.00%

发文量

362

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (formerly known as Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers) publishes original works, from fundamental principles to practical applications, in the broad field of chemical engineering with special focus on three aspects: Chemical and Biomolecular Science and Technology, Energy and Environmental Science and Technology, and Materials Science and Technology. Authors should choose for their manuscript an appropriate aspect section and a few related classifications when submitting to the journal online.