Preparation, characterization, and in vitro release studies of multifunctional nanoformulations designed by functionalized graphene nanosheets with natural compounds

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI:10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100824

Khaled AbouAitah , Yingjie Bu , Mukesh Sharma , Beom Soo Kim

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The use of graphene-based nanomaterials in nanomedicine continues to expand, particularly in drug delivery nanoplatforms that provide advantages like multifunctional designs, prolonged release of drugs, cancer targeting, etc. There is a lack of data to develop graphene nanosheets for natural compounds with anticancer properties. To achieve the targeted delivery system's final objective, we prepared two different types of nanosheets: nano-sized graphene (NG) and nanosized graphene oxide (NGO). They were functionalized with PEG-NH₂ and formulated with three natural anticancer compounds: piperine (PIP), artemisinin (ART), and emodin (EMO). Finally, folic acid-conjugated enteric coating (Eudragit S100 polymer) was achieved (ES100-FA). The enteric coating changed the mean size distribution of the two materials by less than 280 nm and all nanoformulations displayed negative zeta potential. The PEG-NH₂ nanosheets demonstrated a high drug loading rate, loading capacity, and entrapment efficiency. Compared to ART nanoformulations (< 24 h), PIP and EMO-nanoformulations showed long-term sustained release throughout 96 h, according to in vitro drug release experiments. The release profiles of PIP, ART, and EMO-based nanoformulations showed a pH-dependent release effect and different release properties. This developed system showed the potential of graphene nanosheets to construct multifunctional nanoplatform and sustain the release of plant-derived natural therapeutic compounds.

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来源期刊

FlatChem Multiple-

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

6.50%

发文量

104

审稿时长

26 days

期刊介绍： FlatChem - Chemistry of Flat Materials, a new voice in the community, publishes original and significant, cutting-edge research related to the chemistry of graphene and related 2D & layered materials. The overall aim of the journal is to combine the chemistry and applications of these materials, where the submission of communications, full papers, and concepts should contain chemistry in a materials context, which can be both experimental and/or theoretical. In addition to original research articles, FlatChem also offers reviews, minireviews, highlights and perspectives on the future of this research area with the scientific leaders in fields related to Flat Materials. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: -Design, synthesis, applications and investigation of graphene, graphene related materials and other 2D & layered materials (for example Silicene, Germanene, Phosphorene, MXenes, Boron nitride, Transition metal dichalcogenides) -Characterization of these materials using all forms of spectroscopy and microscopy techniques -Chemical modification or functionalization and dispersion of these materials, as well as interactions with other materials -Exploring the surface chemistry of these materials for applications in: Sensors or detectors in electrochemical/Lab on a Chip devices, Composite materials, Membranes, Environment technology, Catalysis for energy storage and conversion (for example fuel cells, supercapacitors, batteries, hydrogen storage), Biomedical technology (drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging)