Effect of heat treatment on structural and magnetic features of nanostructured Ni-Co-Mn-Al Heusler alloy obtained by planetary ball mills

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Advanced Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.apt.2025.104783

M. Triki, M. Azzaz

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Abstract

This paper investigates the structural, microstructural and magnetic properties observed at room temperature and after high-temperature heat treatment of Ni-Co-Mn-Al Heusler alloy, produced by high-energy ball milling. A number of characterization techniques were employed to study morphology, structural composition, thermal transitions, phase changes and magnetic shifts, including: room and high temperature XRD analysis, SEM-EDXS, DSC, TEM and VSM. The obtained alloy is a homogeneous mixture of agglomerated rounded grains with an average size of around 60 µm, composed mainly of a metastable martensitic phase (L1₀) and a minority austenitic phase (B2). High-temperature XRD characterization confirms the complete formation of the ordered B2 Heusler phase from 573 K. Crystallite size increases with temperature, but microdeformations drop significantly due to relaxation of residual stresses. Magnetic measurements show that magnetization saturation, and coercivity values increase after each high-temperature heat treatment, making the alloy’s magnetic behavior softer. The increase in saturation magnetization values indicates that a greater number of magnetic domains are aligned in the same direction within the material, enabling it to be more magnetized. This improvement in magnetic performance makes the material more suitable for various applications such as transformers, electric motors or magnetic sensors.

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热处理对行星球磨机制备纳米Ni-Co-Mn-Al Heusler合金组织和磁性的影响

研究了高能球磨制备的Ni-Co-Mn-Al Heusler合金在室温和高温热处理后的组织、显微组织和磁性能。采用了多种表征技术来研究形貌、结构组成、热转变、相变和磁移，包括：室温和高温XRD分析、SEM-EDXS、DSC、TEM和VSM。得到的合金是均匀的圆形晶粒凝聚混合物，平均尺寸约为60µm，主要由亚稳马氏体相（L10）和少量奥氏体相（B2）组成。高温XRD表征证实了在573 K时有序B2 Heusler相的完全形成。随着温度的升高，晶粒尺寸增大，但由于残余应力的松弛，微变形显著减小。磁性测量表明，每次高温热处理后，合金的磁化饱和度和矫顽力值都有所增加，使合金的磁性行为更加柔软。饱和磁化值的增加表明材料内部有更多的磁畴沿同一方向排列，使其磁化程度更高。这种磁性性能的改进使材料更适合各种应用，如变压器，电动机或磁传感器。

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来源期刊

Advanced Powder Technology 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

7.70%

发文量

424

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The aim of Advanced Powder Technology is to meet the demand for an international journal that integrates all aspects of science and technology research on powder and particulate materials. The journal fulfills this purpose by publishing original research papers, rapid communications, reviews, and translated articles by prominent researchers worldwide. The editorial work of Advanced Powder Technology, which was founded as the International Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan, is now shared by distinguished board members, who operate in a unique framework designed to respond to the increasing global demand for articles on not only powder and particles, but also on various materials produced from them. Advanced Powder Technology covers various areas, but a discussion of powder and particles is required in articles. Topics include: Production of powder and particulate materials in gases and liquids(nanoparticles, fine ceramics, pharmaceuticals, novel functional materials, etc.); Aerosol and colloidal processing; Powder and particle characterization; Dynamics and phenomena; Calculation and simulation (CFD, DEM, Monte Carlo method, population balance, etc.); Measurement and control of powder processes; Particle modification; Comminution; Powder handling and operations (storage, transport, granulation, separation, fluidization, etc.)