Evaluation of oral lesions and dental health in HIV-positive Saudi patients

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Saudi Dental Journal Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.11.012

Khalid Al Zoman , Khawlah Alshunaifi , Muteb Al-Mutairi , Hesham Altamimi , Atheer Binzoman , Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri , Abdulrahman Alrajhi , Yusra Tashkandy , Maha Al-Mozaini , Abdulaziz S. Al Suwyed , Sultan Abdulaziz Al Mubarak

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

Oral lesions are a serious complication of HIV infection and serve as clinical indicators of disease status. We conducted the current study to assess the prevalence of oral lesions and teeth condition in individuals with HIV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 264 patients recruited from the HIV dental clinic between January 2019 and March 2020. Participants were adults (aged ≥ 18 years) of Saudi nationality. We included 115 patients who were HIV-1 seropositive and149 matched healthy patients. Data were collected through patient interviews using a comprehensive questionnaire. Oral examinations were performed using artificial light, mouth mirrors, tweezers, gauzes, and wooden tongue depressors.

Results

The average age of HIV-infected individuals was 43.22 ± 13.68 years, with 53.8 % being male. Dry mouth was more prevalent in HIV patients than in the control group (49.6 % vs. 33.1 %, p = 0.007). HIV patients demonstrated poorer oral hygiene, with fewer brushing their teeth at least twice daily (32.2 % vs. 50.3 %, p = 0.002) and a higher percentage not brushing regularly (23.5 % vs. 11.4 %, p = 0.011). Within the HIV cohort, the occurrence of dry mouth significantly correlated with dentition status. Neutrophil counts were significantly correlated with the type of screening test performed (r = 0.235; p = 0.011), antiretroviral medication (r = -0.205; p = 0.028), erythematous candidiasis (r = -0.192; p = 0.039), and the presence of hairy leukoplakia (r = -0.187; p = 0.046).

Conclusions

HIV-positive individuals in KSA have poorer oral health and dentition status compared to healthy controls. Effective policies are needed to ensure adequate dental health in this high-risk group.

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艾滋病毒阳性沙特患者口腔病变和牙齿健康的评估

目的口腔病变是HIV感染的严重并发症，是反映HIV感染状况的临床指标。我们进行了当前的研究，以评估沙特阿拉伯王国（KSA）艾滋病毒感染者口腔病变和牙齿状况的患病率。方法本横断面研究包括2019年1月至2020年3月期间从HIV牙科诊所招募的264例患者。参与者为沙特国籍的成年人（年龄≥18岁）。我们纳入了115名HIV-1血清阳性患者和149名匹配的健康患者。数据收集通过病人访谈使用全面的问卷。使用人工光源、口腔镜、镊子、纱布和木制压舌板进行口腔检查。结果hiv感染者平均年龄为43.22±13.68岁，男性占53.8%。HIV患者的口干发生率高于对照组（49.6%比33.1%,p = 0.007）。HIV患者口腔卫生较差，每天至少刷牙两次的人数较少（32.2%对50.3%,p = 0.002），不经常刷牙的比例较高（23.5%对11.4%,p = 0.011）。在HIV队列中，口干的发生与牙列状态显著相关。中性粒细胞计数与筛查试验类型显著相关(r = 0.235；P = 0.011)，抗逆转录病毒药物治疗(r = -0.205；P = 0.028)，红斑念珠菌病(r = -0.192；P = 0.039)，毛状白斑的存在(r = -0.187；p = 0.046)。结论与健康对照者相比，KSA地区hiv阳性个体的口腔健康和牙列状况较差。需要有效的政策来确保这一高危群体的牙齿健康。

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来源期刊

Saudi Dental Journal DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

22 weeks

期刊介绍： Saudi Dental Journal is an English language, peer-reviewed scholarly publication in the area of dentistry. Saudi Dental Journal publishes original research and reviews on, but not limited to: • dental disease • clinical trials • dental equipment • new and experimental techniques • epidemiology and oral health • restorative dentistry • periodontology • endodontology • prosthodontics • paediatric dentistry • orthodontics and dental education Saudi Dental Journal is the official publication of the Saudi Dental Society and is published by King Saud University in collaboration with Elsevier and is edited by an international group of eminent researchers.