Navigating chemotherapy and immunotherapy in early-stage lung cancer. A critical review and statements from INTERACTION group

Abstract

Introduction

During the recent INTERACTION group congress held on February 16–17, 2024, in Milan, Italy, many aspects of early-stage lung cancer treatment were explored. This review delves into perioperative treatment, a rapidly evolving field with an expanding therapeutic arsenal that includes chemotherapy, target therapy, and immunotherapy. The challenge remains in tailoring treatment strategies to individual patients, identifying patients best suited for surgery versus those necessitating trimodal treatment, particularly in distinguishing surgical candidates from those requiring multimodal approaches and not suitable for surgical approach.

Materials and methods

We conducted a literature review of phase III trials on immunotherapy and target therapy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), searching in MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS, adding the latest data from the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2023 and 2024, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2024, and the World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) 2024 conferences. A guidance on unresolved and controversial issues from the panel has been reported, also highlighting the remaining limitations that warrant further investigation and refinement in this field.

Results

Most recent data on early-stage NSCLC have been critically reviewed. The panel emphasized the importance of distinguishing, from the outset in a multidisciplinary setting, patients who are suitable for surgical treatment from those who are not. In this context, the importance of accurate staging at the time of diagnosis was highlighted. A paradigm shifts regarding the timing of molecular NGS DNA and RNA testing is strongly recommended.

Conclusion

Decisions regarding perioperative treatment in early-stage lung cancer demand early consideration, involving a multidisciplinary team and require an upfront NGS analysis. Such an approach ensures personalized care aligned with each patient's unique characteristics, optimizing treatment efficacy and overall well-being.