Fernanda S Rossi, Yael I Nillni, Alexandria N Miller, Annie B Fox, Johanne Eliacin, Paula P Schnurr, Christopher C Duke, Jaimie L Gradus, Tara E Galovski
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Veterans show increased vulnerability to trauma exposure. Yet, there is limited research examining Veterans' prevalence of experiencing different trauma exposure types by race, gender, and ethnicity and across unique phases of life (i.e., pre-military service, during service, and post-service). This study compares trauma exposure prevalence across women and men Veterans of differing ethnoracial identities (i.e., white, Black, Hispanic) within three life phases (i.e., pre-military service, during military service, post-military service).
Methods: This study examined survey data from 3,544 Veterans (1,781 women; 1,686 men) across six discrete data collection points (between August 2018 to March 2022). Surveys were mailed nationally and oversampled for women (51.6%) and Veterans living in high crime areas (67.6%). Veterans reported on their exposure to various trauma types (e.g., sexual assault, physical assault, community violence, captivity, serious accident, witnessing violent death) at each wave of data collection using items from a modified Life Events Checklist. Veterans also reported on demographic information (e.g., gender, race, ethnicity). Chi-square analyses were conducted to compare prevalence of reported exposure to each trauma type within each life phase across gender and ethnoracial groups.
Results: There were significant differences in trauma exposure prevalence across: (1) men vs. women Veterans; (2) white vs. Black vs. Hispanic Veterans; (3) Black vs. Hispanic vs. white women Veterans; and (4) Black vs. Hispanic, vs. white men Veterans. For example, in this study, Black men Veterans reported higher prevalence of intimate partner physical assault exposure pre-service (14.8%) and post-service (27.1%) than White men Veterans (9.0% and 13.8%; prevalence ratios = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.17, 2.32 and 1.96, 95% CI = 1.53, 2.51). White women Veterans were less likely to witness a violent death pre-service (11.5%) than Black (21.1%; prevalence ratio = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.42, 2.37) or Hispanic (18.1%) women Veterans.
Conclusions: Findings help uncover disparities within Veteran subgroups. They inform mental health treatment and prevention services to better meet the needs of all Veterans across differing life phases.
背景：退伍军人对创伤暴露的脆弱性增加。然而，对退伍军人在不同种族、性别和民族以及不同生命阶段（即服役前、服役期间和服役后）经历不同创伤暴露类型的普遍程度的研究有限。本研究比较了不同种族身份（即白人、黑人、西班牙裔）的退伍军人在三个生命阶段（即服兵役前、服兵役期间、服兵役后）的创伤暴露率。方法：本研究分析了3544名退伍军人的调查数据(1781名女性；1686名男性)，分布在六个离散的数据收集点（2018年8月至2022年3月）。调查在全国范围内邮寄，并对女性（51.6%）和生活在高犯罪率地区的退伍军人（67.6%）进行了抽样调查。退伍军人在每一波数据收集中报告了他们所遭受的各种创伤类型（例如，性侵犯、身体攻击、社区暴力、囚禁、严重事故、目睹暴力死亡），使用的项目来自修订后的生活事件清单。退伍军人还报告了人口统计信息（如性别、种族、民族）。进行卡方分析，比较不同性别和种族群体在每个生命阶段报告的每种创伤类型暴露的流行程度。结果：退伍军人创伤暴露率存在显著性差异：(1)男性与女性；(2)白人、黑人、西班牙裔退伍军人；(3)黑人、西班牙裔、白人女性退伍军人；(4)黑人vs西班牙裔vs白人退伍军人。例如，在这项研究中，黑人男性退伍军人在服役前（14.8%）和服役后（27.1%）的亲密伴侣身体攻击暴露率高于白人男性退伍军人（9.0%和13.8%）；患病率= 1.64,95% CI = 1.17, 2.32和1.96,95% CI = 1.53, 2.51)。白人女性退伍军人在服役前目睹暴力死亡的可能性（11.5%）低于黑人（21.1%）；患病率= 1.83,95% CI = 1.42, 2.37)或西班牙裔（18.1%）女性退伍军人。结论：研究结果有助于揭示退伍军人亚群中的差异。他们为心理健康治疗和预防服务提供信息，以更好地满足所有退伍军人在不同生命阶段的需求。
期刊介绍：
Injury Epidemiology is dedicated to advancing the scientific foundation for injury prevention and control through timely publication and dissemination of peer-reviewed research. Injury Epidemiology aims to be the premier venue for communicating epidemiologic studies of unintentional and intentional injuries, including, but not limited to, morbidity and mortality from motor vehicle crashes, drug overdose/poisoning, falls, drowning, fires/burns, iatrogenic injury, suicide, homicide, assaults, and abuse. We welcome investigations designed to understand the magnitude, distribution, determinants, causes, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and outcomes of injuries in specific population groups, geographic regions, and environmental settings (e.g., home, workplace, transport, recreation, sports, and urban/rural). Injury Epidemiology has a special focus on studies generating objective and practical knowledge that can be translated into interventions to reduce injury morbidity and mortality on a population level. Priority consideration will be given to manuscripts that feature contemporary theories and concepts, innovative methods, and novel techniques as applied to injury surveillance, risk assessment, development and implementation of effective interventions, and program and policy evaluation.
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