[Functional outcomes in patients with cranioencephalic traumatism: 20-year experience in a rehabilitation center in Argentina].

Abstract

Introduction: Cranioencephalic traumatism (CET) is a serious public health problem worldwide. Advances in treatment have reduced mortality, increasing the demand for rehabilitation. The objective was to describe the demographic characteristics and functional outcomes in adult patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) treated in a rehabilitation center.

Materials and methods: Retrospective study between 2002 and 2022. Patients received 4 hours of rehabilitation daily. The level of functional independence was assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at admission and discharge.

Results: 229 patients were included, the median (25-75 percentiles) time from injury to admission to rehabilitation was 56 (36-98) days; 76% were men. Mean age (standard deviation) 42 (17) years. The most frequent etiologies were car accidents and falls; 46.8% were under 40 years of age and the median length of stay was 82 days (14-132). At discharge, 79.9% of patients over 65 years of age had low to severe disability (GOS-E) and 79.5% returned home. The median (p 25-75) FIM at admission was 30 (20-55) and at discharge was 90 (58-106); a statistically significant difference was observed (p = 0.001). Differences in functional outcomes were found based on age and place of residence.

Discussion: In Argentina, patients admitted to rehabilitation for TBI are predominantly young men, the main cause being car accidents. The implementation of an early and intensive rehabilitation program has shown significant improvements in functional outcomes. At discharge, most patients required home supervision and assistance in daily activities.