Structure, Dielectric, and Thermal Behavior of Bismuth Titanate Nanoparticles

Abstract

Bismuth titanate (BTI) nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal method. The XRD spectra show that the maximum intense peaks are associated to orthorhombic Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, and the pH did not show any significant effect on the structural transformation. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) of BTI nanoparticles clearly shows the presence of elements like Bi, Ti, and O. It is noticed that the grain size is increasing from 64.9 to 97.0 nm with an increase in pH from 9 to 12. The TEM images evidenced the presence of spherical nanoparticles. The bandgap values are decreased from 3.201 to 2.595 eV (for pH = 9–12). The absorption spectra established a fact that the maximum absorption wavelength is decreasing from 218–225 nm with an increase of pH from 9 to 12. In case of BTI of pH = 12, the loss is noted to be 153.201, providing the dielectric absorber applications at high frequency. The M′ versus M″ plots show the partial relaxations, indicating the existence of carriers of partial relaxation strength and exhibit the non-Debye relaxations. The mass losses are increased for BTI samples till pH = 11, while the mass loss is decreased.