Perspectives on Intelligence in Soft Robotics

Abstract

Engineers frequently aim to streamline environmental factors to facilitate the effective operation of robots. However, in nature, environmental considerations play a crucial role in shaping the embodiment of organisms. To comply robots with the complexity of real-world environments, embedding similar intelligence is key. In the field of soft robotics, various approaches offer insight into how intelligence can be integrated into artificial agents. A discussed topic is the intricate relationship between the brain and the body at the core of intelligence in robots. The goal of this article is, therefore, to unravel the strategies to implement different types of intelligence currently adopted in soft robots. A classification is made by making a distinction between agents that adapt to their environment by 1) their adaptive shape, 2) their adaptive functionality, and 3) their adaptive mechanics. Additionally, the perspectives on intelligence based on their computational approach are distinguished: centralized computation, decentralized computation, or embedded computation. It is concluded that a tailored robotic design approach attuned to specific environmental demands is needed. To unlock the full potential of soft robots, a fresh perspective on embodied intelligence is described, so-called mechanical intelligence, emphasizing the robot's responsiveness to changing external conditions of a real-world environment.