Unveiling the Role of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4 (BHV-4) in Dairy Cow Reproductive Disorders: Insights From a Multifaceted Study in China

IF 3.5 2区农林科学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI:10.1155/tbed/4048149

Lingling Zhu, Xinjun Dai, Yuxin Lai, Zhigang Guo, Yiping Gu, Jianwei Zhang, Hongyu Wang, Guangjun Chang, Huochun Yao, Zihao Pan

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Abstract

Bovine herpesvirus type-4 (BHV-4) belongs to the gamma-herpesvirus subfamily, and its association with reproductive disorders in dairy cows is controversial. In this study, 386 whole blood and reproductive swab samples from dairy cows across eight provinces in China were collected. BHV-4 antibody levels in the serum were determined via ELISA, while real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) was employed to detect the DNA of BHV-4, BHV-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus type-I (BVDV-1), and bovine viral diarrhea virus type-II (BVDV-2) in the samples. Additionally, the DNA content of BHV-4 in various tissues of cows and stillborn fetuses was assessed via qPCR. Breeding information for the participating cows was gathered through farmer interviews, and correlation analyses were conducted between the detection results and breeding information. The findings revealed a BHV-4 antibody positive rate of 57.8% and a nucleic acid positive rate of 36.3%. Chi-square analysis revealed a correlation between BHV-4 and BHV-1 infections. Among several pathogens associated with reproductive disorders, only BHV-4 was significantly correlated, whereas BHV-1, BVDV-1, and BVDV-2 were not correlated. Furthermore, the study revealed elevated BHV-4 DNA in the reproductive tracts of cows and stillborn fetuses. Histopathological sections revealed mucosal damage in the vaginal and uterine tissues of stillborn fetuses, a phenomenon not previously reported. In summary, our study provides novel insight into the correlation between BHV-4 and reproductive disorders and presents new evidence that supports the vertical transmission of BHV-4.

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来源期刊

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 农林科学-传染病学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

9.30%

发文量

350

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions): Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread. Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope. Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies. Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies). Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.