Bilayer Scaffolds Synergize Immunomodulation and Rejuvenation via Layer-Specific Release of CK2.1 and the “Exercise Hormone” Lac-Phe for Enhanced Osteochondral Regeneration (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 3/2025)

Abstract

Osteochondral Recovery

The person practicing Tai Chi in the image symbolizes the developed biphasic scaffold. Surrounding the person are two water droplets resembling the “yin” and “yang” of Tai Chi, symbolizing the simultaneous repair of bone and cartilage. Embedded within the yin and yang are the bioactive molecules CK2.1 and “exercise hormone” Lac-Phe, indicating that these molecules maintain bone-cartilage repair. The water and fish in the small pond represent various repair-promoting factors in the osteochondral microenvironment, while the background symbolizes a healthy ecological environment, representing a favorable regenerative microenvironment around the bone and cartilage. The overall meaning is that CK2.1 and “exercise hormone” Lac-Phe, through the scaffold as a medium, regulate the regenerative microenvironment, mobilizing various factors beneficial for repair to achieve osteochondral regeneration. More details can be found in the article 2402329 by Shang-Chun Guo, Shi-Cong Tao, and co-workers. Image credit: CYANTIFICA Lina Cao.