Snowmelt Infiltration and Runoff From Seasonally Frozen Hillslopes in a High Mountain Basin

IF 3.2 3区 地球科学 Q1 Environmental Science
Terava Groff, John W. Pomeroy
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

There is relatively little research on infiltration into seasonally frozen soils on mountain hillslopes and few evaluations of infiltration model performance in this environment exist. As a result, the application of existing infiltration estimation methods developed in level environments is uncertain for estimating spring runoff in mountain basins. A field study was conducted in the Canadian Rockies using 8 years of snowpack, liquid soil moisture, and temperature profile observations from steep north-facing and south-facing slopes. Seasonal infiltration was calculated using soil freezing characteristic curves, timeseries of soil volumetric water content and temperature. Infiltration was found to primarily follow the limited case postulated by Popov (1972), with only 1 year at one site undergoing unlimited infiltration where nearly all meltwater infiltrated. Infiltration was estimated using an equation for the limited case developed from extensive observations of seasonal infiltration, initial soil saturation, and peak SWE in Canadian prairie agricultural fields. Whilst this equation accurately estimated infiltration depths on these mountain hillslope sites, it was unsuitable for application due to a statistical association between its driving variables. Initial soil saturation had no influence on infiltration depths at these sites and so a simpler single-variable infiltration equation to estimate infiltration depths based on peak SWE was developed and found to have good predictive capability. Alternative approaches using modelled cumulative melt or infiltration opportunity time also had good predictability. Runoff depths estimated from a water balance, assuming negligible evaporation and sub-surface drainage, were reliably predicted using peak SWE or cumulative melt depths by single-variable infiltration equations in the absence of soil moisture, texture, aspect, or slope information. The results provide insights into estimating snowmelt runoff on hillslopes from snowpack accumulation that has been observed in cold region mountains, despite the complexity of hillslope hydrology and frozen soil infiltration processes.

高山盆地季节性冻结山坡的融雪入渗和径流
目前对山地丘陵季节冻土入渗的研究相对较少,对该环境下入渗模型性能的评价也较少。因此,在平原环境中开发的现有入渗估算方法在山地流域春季径流估算中的应用存在不确定性。在加拿大落基山脉进行了一项实地研究,利用8年的积雪、液态土壤湿度和陡峭的北向和南北向斜坡的温度剖面观测资料。利用土壤冻结特征曲线、土壤体积含水量和温度时间序列计算季节入渗。发现渗透主要遵循Popov(1972)假设的有限情况,即在一个地点只有1年无限制渗透,几乎所有融水都渗透。通过对加拿大草原农田的季节性入渗、初始土壤饱和度和峰值SWE的广泛观测,利用有限情况下的方程来估计入渗。虽然该方程准确地估计了这些山地坡地的入渗深度,但由于其驱动变量之间存在统计关联,因此不适合应用。初始土壤饱和度对入渗深度没有影响,因此建立了一个基于峰值SWE的更简单的单变量入渗方程来估计入渗深度,并发现它具有良好的预测能力。使用模拟累积融化或渗透机会时间的替代方法也具有良好的可预测性。根据水平衡估算的径流深度,假设蒸发和地下排水可以忽略不计,在没有土壤湿度、质地、坡向或坡度信息的情况下,通过单变量入渗方程,使用峰值SWE或累积融化深度可靠地预测了径流深度。尽管山坡水文和冻土入渗过程非常复杂,但研究结果为根据在寒冷地区山区观测到的积雪积累估算山坡上的融雪径流提供了见解。
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来源期刊
Hydrological Processes
Hydrological Processes 环境科学-水资源
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
313
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Hydrological Processes is an international journal that publishes original scientific papers advancing understanding of the mechanisms underlying the movement and storage of water in the environment, and the interaction of water with geological, biogeochemical, atmospheric and ecological systems. Not all papers related to water resources are appropriate for submission to this journal; rather we seek papers that clearly articulate the role(s) of hydrological processes.
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