Rethinking psychological interventions in autism: Toward a neurodiversity-affirming approach

Abstract

Background

Autism is characterised by unique patterns of social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviours, often accompanied by comorbid conditions such as mood disorders and anxiety. Standard psychological interventions, such as applied behaviour analysis (ABA) and social skill training (SST), are commonly used but remain controversial due to their focus on aligning autistic individuals with societal norms.

Aims

This paper critically evaluates standard approaches targeting core autistic traits and explores the therapeutic potential of prioritising comorbidities coherently with neurodiversity-affirming strategies.

Materials and Methods

A critical analysis of clinical and empirical literature was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, ethical issues and broader implications of interventions such as ABA and SST. Particular emphasis was placed on synthesising findings relevant to mental health outcomes, autistic identity formation and the potential of neurodiversity-affirming interventions to reduce distress and promote well-being.

Results

Standard approaches often contribute to adverse effects, such as social camouflaging and increased mental health challenges. Conversely, interventions addressing comorbid conditions such as depression and anxiety, combined with neurodiversity-affirming strategies that support autistic identity and adapt the environment, demonstrate improved mental health outcomes and greater self-acceptance.

Discussion

We highlight the importance of shifting the therapeutic focus from modifying core autistic traits to addressing comorbidities while fostering a coherent autistic identity. Such a dual approach aligns with the neurodiversity paradigm and emphasises the need for interventions that enhance well-being by reducing distress caused by comorbid conditions without suppressing autistic characteristics.

Conclusion

Prioritising comorbid conditions while fostering autistic identity through neurodiversity-affirming strategies offers a more ethical and effective approach to improving mental health and self-acceptance in autistic individuals. This dual approach advocates for therapeutic practices that align with their well-being and identity.