Ying Lau, Wei How Darryl Ang, Wen Wei Ang, Patrick Cheong-Iao Pang, Sai Ho Wong, Kin Sun Chan
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence–Based Psychotherapeutic Intervention on Psychological Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression","authors":"Ying Lau, Wei How Darryl Ang, Wen Wei Ang, Patrick Cheong-Iao Pang, Sai Ho Wong, Kin Sun Chan","doi":"10.1155/da/8930012","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n <p><b>Background:</b> Artificial intelligence (AI)–based psychotherapeutic interventions may bring a new and viable approach to expanding psychiatric care. However, evidence of their effectiveness remains scarce. We evaluated the efficacy of AI-based psychotherapeutic interventions on depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms at postintervention and follow-up assessments.</p>\n <p><b>Methods:</b> A three-step comprehensive search via nine electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) was performed.</p>\n <p><b>Results:</b> Thirty randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in 31 publications involving 6100 participants from nine countries were included. The majority (79.1%) of trials with intention-to-treat analysis but less than half (48.6%) of trials with perprotocol analysis were graded as low risk. Meta-analyses showed that interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms at the postintervention assessment (<i>t</i> = −4.40, <i>p</i> = 0.001) with medium effect size (<i>g</i> = −0.54, 95% CI: −0.79 to −0.29) and at 6–12 months of assessment (<i>t</i> = −3.14, <i>p</i> < 0.016) with small effect size (<i>g</i> = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.40 to −0.06) in comparison with comparators. Our subgroup analyses revealed that the depressed participants had a significantly larger effect size in reducing depressive symptoms than participants with stress and other conditions. At postintervention and follow-up assessments, we discovered that AI-based psychotherapeutic interventions did not significantly alter anxiety, stress, and the total scores of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in comparison to comparators. The random-effects univariate meta-regression did not identify any significant covariates for depressive and anxiety symptoms at postintervention. The certainty of evidence ranged between moderate and very low.</p>\n <p><b>Conclusions:</b> AI-based psychotherapeutic interventions can be used in addition to usual treatments for reducing depressive symptoms. Well-designed RCTs with long-term follow-up data are warranted.</p>\n <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> CRD42022330228</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/8930012","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Depression and Anxiety","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/da/8930012","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHIATRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI)–based psychotherapeutic interventions may bring a new and viable approach to expanding psychiatric care. However, evidence of their effectiveness remains scarce. We evaluated the efficacy of AI-based psychotherapeutic interventions on depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms at postintervention and follow-up assessments.
Methods: A three-step comprehensive search via nine electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) was performed.
Results: Thirty randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in 31 publications involving 6100 participants from nine countries were included. The majority (79.1%) of trials with intention-to-treat analysis but less than half (48.6%) of trials with perprotocol analysis were graded as low risk. Meta-analyses showed that interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms at the postintervention assessment (t = −4.40, p = 0.001) with medium effect size (g = −0.54, 95% CI: −0.79 to −0.29) and at 6–12 months of assessment (t = −3.14, p < 0.016) with small effect size (g = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.40 to −0.06) in comparison with comparators. Our subgroup analyses revealed that the depressed participants had a significantly larger effect size in reducing depressive symptoms than participants with stress and other conditions. At postintervention and follow-up assessments, we discovered that AI-based psychotherapeutic interventions did not significantly alter anxiety, stress, and the total scores of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in comparison to comparators. The random-effects univariate meta-regression did not identify any significant covariates for depressive and anxiety symptoms at postintervention. The certainty of evidence ranged between moderate and very low.
Conclusions: AI-based psychotherapeutic interventions can be used in addition to usual treatments for reducing depressive symptoms. Well-designed RCTs with long-term follow-up data are warranted.
期刊介绍：
Depression and Anxiety is a scientific journal that focuses on the study of mood and anxiety disorders, as well as related phenomena in humans. The journal is dedicated to publishing high-quality research and review articles that contribute to the understanding and treatment of these conditions. The journal places a particular emphasis on articles that contribute to the clinical evaluation and care of individuals affected by mood and anxiety disorders. It prioritizes the publication of treatment-related research and review papers, as well as those that present novel findings that can directly impact clinical practice. The journal's goal is to advance the field by disseminating knowledge that can lead to better diagnosis, treatment, and management of these disorders, ultimately improving the quality of life for those who suffer from them.
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