Degradation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: A Mechanism Underlying Cynodon dactylon Invasion in Grasslands?

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI:10.1111/jvs.70010

Silvina García, Fabiana Pezzani, Anaclara Guido, Fernando A. Lattanzi

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Abstract

Questions

Degradation of facilitative interactions of native species can play an important role in the establishment and expansion of invasive plants in communities. We evaluated the relationship between the level of invasion of Cynodon dactylon and the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of the native Paspalum notatum in Uruguayan grasslands, which were either extensively managed (natural vegetation [NG]) or oversown with exotic legumes and fertilized with phosphorus (NG + LP). Specifically, we investigated whether increasing invasion levels were associated with reductions in P. notatum mycorrhizal colonization, growth, and nutrient content.

Location

Uruguayan grasslands of Río de la Plata grasslands region.

Methods

Two paddocks with 19 and 27 years under NG + LP management were selected contiguous to two paddocks with NG management. In each paddock, we collected nine monoliths (0.2 m diameter × 0.3 m depth) that had P. notatum and increasing percentages of C. dactylon cover, classified as low (0%–10%), medium (30%–50%), or high (70%–90%) invasion levels. After 10 months of uninterrupted growth, shoot mass, phosphorus and nitrogen shoot concentration, and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization were assessed in P. notatum plants.

Results

Mycorrhization decreased with increasing C. dactylon invasion. This was greater in more intensively managed grasslands (NG + LP). However, lower arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization was not associated with either lower aboveground growth or phosphorus or nitrogen shoot concentration. Furthermore, at low invasion levels, mycorrhizal colonization was similar between NG and NG + LP, despite their contrasting soil P availability.

Conclusions

The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the target native grass P. notatum was negatively associated with the invasion level of C. dactylon. Therefore, mutualism degradation might be a mechanism underlying the success of C. dactylon invading grasslands, particularly those intensively managed, albeit probably not via phosphorus nutritional effects.

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丛枝菌根共生降解：草地短爪蟹入侵的机制？

原生物种促进性相互作用的退化在入侵植物群落的建立和扩展中起着重要作用。研究了在乌拉圭草原上大面积管理（天然植被[NG]）或种植外来豆科植物并施用磷（NG + LP）的原生雀稗（Paspalum notatum）丛枝菌根定殖与Cynodon dactylon入侵水平之间的关系。具体来说，我们调查了入侵水平的增加是否与葡萄霉菌根定植、生长和营养含量的减少有关。位置乌拉圭的Río德拉普拉塔草原地区。方法选择NG + LP管理时间分别为19年和27年的两个围场与NG管理的两个围场相邻。在每个围场中，我们收集了9块直径为0.2 m、深度为0.3 m的独块石，这些独块石的覆盖面积呈上升趋势，被划分为低（0% ~ 10%）、中（30% ~ 50%）和高（70% ~ 90%）入侵水平。在不间断生长10个月后，对白杨植株的茎质量、磷和氮浓度以及丛枝菌根定植进行了评估。结果菌根化随着青霉入侵的增加而减少。在集约管理程度较高的草地（NG + LP）中，这一比例更高。然而，较低的丛枝菌根定植与较低的地上部生长和磷、氮梢浓度无关。此外，在低入侵水平下，尽管土壤磷有效性不同，但NG和NG + LP之间的菌根定植相似。结论目标乡土草中丛枝菌根的存在与短爪草的入侵水平呈负相关。因此，共生关系的退化可能是阔叶草成功入侵草原的一种机制，尤其是那些集约化管理的草原，尽管可能不是通过磷的营养作用。

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来源期刊

Journal of Vegetation Science 环境科学-林学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

3.60%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Vegetation Science publishes papers on all aspects of plant community ecology, with particular emphasis on papers that develop new concepts or methods, test theory, identify general patterns, or that are otherwise likely to interest a broad international readership. Papers may focus on any aspect of vegetation science, e.g. community structure (including community assembly and plant functional types), biodiversity (including species richness and composition), spatial patterns (including plant geography and landscape ecology), temporal changes (including demography, community dynamics and palaeoecology) and processes (including ecophysiology), provided the focus is on increasing our understanding of plant communities. The Journal publishes papers on the ecology of a single species only if it plays a key role in structuring plant communities. Papers that apply ecological concepts, theories and methods to the vegetation management, conservation and restoration, and papers on vegetation survey should be directed to our associate journal, Applied Vegetation Science journal.