Bonferroni-Type Tests for Return Predictability With Possibly Trending Predictors

IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Sam Astill, David I. Harvey, Stephen J. Leybourne, A. M. Robert Taylor
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Abstract

The Bonferroni Q $$ Q $$ test is widely used in empirical studies investigating predictability in asset returns by strongly persistent and endogenous predictors. Its formulation, however, only allows for a constant mean in the predictor, seemingly at odds with many of the predictors used in practice. We establish the asymptotic size and local power properties of the Q $$ Q $$ test, and the corresponding Bonferroni t $$ t $$ -test, under a local-to-zero specification for a linear trend in the predictor, revealing that size and power depend on the magnitude of the trend for both. To rectify this, we develop with-trend variants of the operational Bonferroni Q $$ Q $$ and t $$ t $$ tests. However, where a trend is not present in the predictor, we show that these tests lose (both finite sample and asymptotic local) power relative to the extant constant-only versions of the tests. In practice, uncertainty will necessarily exist over whether a linear trend is genuinely present in the predictor or not. To deal with this, we also develop hybrid tests based on union-of-rejections and switching mechanisms to capitalise on the relative power advantages of the constant-only tests when a trend is absent (or very weak) and the with-trend tests otherwise. A further extension allows the use of a conventional t $$ t $$ -test where the predictor appears to be weakly persistent. We show that, overall, our recommended hybrid test can offer excellent size and power properties regardless of whether or not a linear trend is present in the predictor, or the predictor's degrees of persistence and endogeneity. An empirical application illustrates the practical relevance of our new approach.

JEL Classifications: C22, C12, G14

Abstract Image

具有可能趋势预测因子的收益可预测性的bonferroni型检验
Bonferroni Q $$ Q $$检验被广泛应用于实证研究中,通过强持续性和内生预测因子来调查资产回报的可预测性。然而,它的公式只允许预测器中有一个恒定的平均值,这似乎与实践中使用的许多预测器不一致。在预测器中线性趋势的局部到零规范下,我们建立了Q $$ Q $$检验的渐近大小和局部幂性质,以及相应的Bonferroni t $$ t $$检验。揭示规模和力量取决于这两种趋势的程度。为了纠正这一点,我们开发了可操作的Bonferroni Q $$ Q $$和t $$ t $$测试的趋势变体。然而,在预测器中不存在趋势的地方,我们表明这些测试相对于现有的仅限常数版本的测试失去了(有限样本和渐近局部)能力。在实践中,不确定性必然存在于线性趋势是否真正存在于预测器中。为了解决这个问题,我们还开发了基于拒绝联合和切换机制的混合测试,以便在趋势缺失(或非常弱)时利用仅恒定测试和带趋势测试的相对功率优势。进一步的扩展允许使用传统的t $$ t $$ -测试,其中预测器似乎是弱持久性的。我们表明,总的来说,无论预测器中是否存在线性趋势,或者预测器的持续和内生性程度如何,我们推荐的混合测试都可以提供出色的尺寸和功率特性。一个实证应用说明了我们的新方法的实际意义。JEL分类:C22, C12, G14
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
4.80%
发文量
63
期刊介绍: The Journal of Applied Econometrics is an international journal published bi-monthly, plus 1 additional issue (total 7 issues). It aims to publish articles of high quality dealing with the application of existing as well as new econometric techniques to a wide variety of problems in economics and related subjects, covering topics in measurement, estimation, testing, forecasting, and policy analysis. The emphasis is on the careful and rigorous application of econometric techniques and the appropriate interpretation of the results. The economic content of the articles is stressed. A special feature of the Journal is its emphasis on the replicability of results by other researchers. To achieve this aim, authors are expected to make available a complete set of the data used as well as any specialised computer programs employed through a readily accessible medium, preferably in a machine-readable form. The use of microcomputers in applied research and transferability of data is emphasised. The Journal also features occasional sections of short papers re-evaluating previously published papers. The intention of the Journal of Applied Econometrics is to provide an outlet for innovative, quantitative research in economics which cuts across areas of specialisation, involves transferable techniques, and is easily replicable by other researchers. Contributions that introduce statistical methods that are applicable to a variety of economic problems are actively encouraged. The Journal also aims to publish review and survey articles that make recent developments in the field of theoretical and applied econometrics more readily accessible to applied economists in general.
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