Developmental Toxicity of Disinfection Byproducts in F344 Rats: Effects on Pregnancy Maintenance and Eye Development

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI:10.1002/bdr2.2427

Michael G. Narotsky, Leslie S. Fuentes, Oluwabusola Ola, TaCriasha L. Willoughby, Katherine Lucas

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Epidemiological studies report associations of drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) with adverse health outcomes, including birth defects. Here, we used a rat model susceptible to pregnancy loss (full-litter resorption; FLR) and eye malformations (anophthalmia, microphthalmia) to test 11 DBPs, including trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids (HAAs), and nitrogen-containing DBPs (N-DBPs).

Methods

Timed-pregnant F344 rats received gavage doses of chloroform, chlorodibromomethane, iodoform, chloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid (DBA), diiodoacetic acid (DIA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), dibromonitromethane, and iodoacetonitrile on gestation days (GD) 6–10. Bromonitromethane and TCA were administered via drinking water on GD 6–11. Litters were examined on postnatal days 1 and 6.

Results

All trihalomethanes tested caused FLR. The di- and tri-halogenated HAAs, but not the mono-HAAs, caused eye malformations. N-DBPs caused neither effect at the dosages tested. TCA by gavage caused both FLR and eye defects, whereas drinking water exposure only caused eye defects. Potency rankings for causing FLR were chloroform ≥ iodoform > chlorodibromomethane and the rankings for causing eye defects were DIA > TCA = DBA.

Conclusion

We confirmed that trihalomethanes caused pregnancy loss and that di- and tri-HAAs were teratogenic. The N-DBPs induced neither effect. Potency rankings were inconsistent with rankings seen in vitro.

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来源期刊

Birth Defects Research Medicine-Embryology

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

9.50%

发文量

153

期刊介绍： The journal Birth Defects Research publishes original research and reviews in areas related to the etiology of adverse developmental and reproductive outcome. In particular the journal is devoted to the publication of original scientific research that contributes to the understanding of the biology of embryonic development and the prenatal causative factors and mechanisms leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, namely structural and functional birth defects, pregnancy loss, postnatal functional defects in the human population, and to the identification of prenatal factors and biological mechanisms that reduce these risks. Adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes may have genetic, environmental, nutritional or epigenetic causes. Accordingly, the journal Birth Defects Research takes an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in its organization and publication strategy. The journal Birth Defects Research contains separate sections for clinical and molecular teratology, developmental and reproductive toxicology, and reviews in developmental biology to acknowledge and accommodate the integrative nature of research in this field. Each section has a dedicated editor who is a leader in his/her field and who has full editorial authority in his/her area.