Causal Exposures in Pancreatic Cancer Incidence: Insights From Mendelian Randomization Studies

IF 1.7 Q3 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY

JGH Open Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI:10.1002/jgh3.70105

Ashraf Mohamadkhani, Reza Ghanbari, Ramin Shakeri, Mohammad Ali Mohammadkhani, Akram Pourshams

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Abstract

Aim

Pancreatic cancer, marked by its high lethality and poor 5-year survival rate, requires a thorough understanding of its risk factors and etiological mechanisms. In this review, we collected the latest findings from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to identify potential causal factors for pancreatic cancer.

Method and Results

The present analysis encompasses MR studies on the gut and oral microbiomes, non-malignant phenotypes, blood metabolites, immune cells, and chronic inflammation. Specific gut and oral microbiome species have been identified as potential causal factors for pancreatic cancer, some with protective effects, and others increasing the risk. The review also highlights causal associations between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and pancreatic cancer, as well as the impact of blood metabolites and immune cell phenotypes on disease risk. Additionally, it investigates the causal effects of inflammatory bowel disease, showing a significant risk increase associated with Crohn's disease.

Conclusion

These insights emphasize the need for interdisciplinary research and personalized medicine to enhance prevention and treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer.

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胰腺癌发病率的因果暴露：来自孟德尔随机化研究的见解

目的胰腺癌具有高致死率和低5年生存率的特点，需要对其危险因素和病因机制进行深入的了解。在这篇综述中，我们收集了孟德尔随机化（MR）研究的最新发现，以确定胰腺癌的潜在病因。方法和结果目前的分析包括对肠道和口腔微生物组、非恶性表型、血液代谢物、免疫细胞和慢性炎症的MR研究。特定的肠道和口腔微生物群已被确定为胰腺癌的潜在致病因素，其中一些具有保护作用，而另一些则增加了风险。该综述还强调了肥胖、2型糖尿病和胰腺癌之间的因果关系，以及血液代谢物和免疫细胞表型对疾病风险的影响。此外，它还调查了炎症性肠病的因果关系，显示与克罗恩病相关的风险显著增加。结论强调需要跨学科研究和个性化医疗来加强胰腺癌的预防和治疗策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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