Modelled Water Temperature Patterns and Energy Balance of a Threatened Coastal Lagoon Ecosystem

IF 3.2 3区 地球科学 Q1 Environmental Science
Aida Zeighami, Barret L. Kurylyk
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Abstract

Coastal water temperatures control physical, chemical, and biological processes and are expected to rise due to future changes in freshwater temperature and flow rates, heat exchange with the warming atmosphere, and thermal interactions with a changing ocean. However, the thermal sensitivity of transitional, coastal water bodies to climate change remains poorly understood, due partly to a lack of knowledge on present-day thermal controls in these settings. Accordingly, we applied a coastal hydrodynamic model (MIKE 3 FM), with a coupled thermal module to simulate hydrodynamics and water temperature variability in the Basin Head lagoon, a federally protected coastal ecosystem in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. Field data from the lagoon were used to calibrate and assess the numerical model, while atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic data were used to form the thermal and hydrodynamic boundary conditions. The model successfully reproduced tidal water level oscillations as well as diurnal and semi-diurnal (tidal) temperature fluctuations. Model results show longitudinal, cross-shore, and vertical thermal variability within the lagoon, including pronounced thermal variability near the bed and near the inlet due to tidal pumping. Model results and field data highlight the thermal sensitivity of the lagoon during heat waves; however, distinct cold-water plumes at freshwater inputs (springs and groundwater-dominated streams) persisted, with temporally averaged temperatures in these zones up to 18 °C colder than the ambient lagoon. Although, these freshwater inflows can dominate local energy budgets, the surface heat fluxes, especially shortwave radiation, exert the dominant control on the lagoon-wide energy budget. Collectively, the model findings emphasise the interacting effects of atmospheric, hydrologic, and oceanic forcing on the spatiotemporal patterns of water temperatures in this threatened coastal ecosystem.

Abstract Image

受威胁的沿海泻湖生态系统的模拟水温模式和能量平衡
沿海水温控制着物理、化学和生物过程,由于未来淡水温度和流速的变化、与变暖大气的热交换以及与变化的海洋的热相互作用,预计沿海水温会上升。然而,过渡性沿海水体对气候变化的热敏感性仍然知之甚少,部分原因是缺乏对这些环境中当前热控制的了解。因此,我们应用了一个海岸水动力模型(MIKE 3 FM),并结合一个耦合的热模块来模拟加拿大爱德华王子岛省联邦保护的海岸生态系统盆地头泻湖的水动力和水温变化。来自泻湖的野外数据用于校准和评估数值模型,而大气、海洋和水文数据用于形成热和水动力边界条件。该模式成功地再现了潮汐水位振荡以及日和半日(潮汐)温度波动。模型结果显示了泻湖内纵向、跨岸和垂直的热变异性,包括由于潮汐泵送导致的床附近和入口附近明显的热变异性。模型结果和现场数据突出了热浪期间泻湖的热敏感性;然而,在淡水输入(泉水和地下水为主的溪流),明显的冷水羽流持续存在,这些区域的暂时平均温度比周围的泻湖低18°C。虽然这些淡水流入可以主导局部能量收支,但地表热通量,特别是短波辐射,对整个泻湖的能量收支起主要控制作用。总的来说,模式结果强调了大气、水文和海洋强迫对这一受威胁的沿海生态系统中水温时空格局的相互作用。
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来源期刊
Hydrological Processes
Hydrological Processes 环境科学-水资源
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
313
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Hydrological Processes is an international journal that publishes original scientific papers advancing understanding of the mechanisms underlying the movement and storage of water in the environment, and the interaction of water with geological, biogeochemical, atmospheric and ecological systems. Not all papers related to water resources are appropriate for submission to this journal; rather we seek papers that clearly articulate the role(s) of hydrological processes.
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