BSCCO high Tc -superconductor materials: strategies toward critical current density enhancement and future opportunities

Abstract

Superconducting materials offer compact and lightweight electrical devices that can significantly alter high-field magnet technology and electric power production, offering an enhanced generation of electric power and high-capacity loss-less electric power transmission. Technological uses of high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) demand high critical current density and high critical field (H_c2). Achieving high critical current density for Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide (BSCCO) HTSC is challenging, so exploring the technical challenges, the factors that affect \({J}_{c}\) and the development efforts, and current research are discussed. The investigation of BSCCO HTSC discusses future advancements and innovations in BSCCO HTSC, exploring the possibilities of improved performance, broader commercialization, and new applications. Additionally, it addresses the barriers and limitations that must be overcome for BSCCO HTSC to become more widely integrated into various industries. So, the high anisotropic character of BSCCO HTSC is directly associated with these two parameters, J_c and H_c. One of the most commonly used techniques to increase \({J}_{c}\) values is the doping (substitution) of another element or nanoparticles, which generates artificial defects that increase flux pinning and the critical current density. This review sheds light on the basics of BSCCO superconducting materials, the key parameters, dopant roles, the industrial challenges, and the recent findings on the efforts made to improve the achievable critical current densities and overall superconducting properties for BSCCO HTSC.