Evacuation of Lisbon’s Baixa-Chiado subway station in case of fire

Tiago Miguel Orantos Borralho, João Paulo Correia Rodrigues, Cristina Calmeiro dos Santos
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Abstract

It is essential to ensure that any building has conditions for a safe evacuation of its occupants. This aspect is essential in subway stations, where evacuation has to be carried out in an upward way, and usually correspond to large structures constituting a single fire compartment. Baixa-Chiado subway station, in Lisbon, Portugal, was selected for studying the evacuation in case of fire, due to its depth, high number of passengers that frequent the station and the existing of two intersecting train lines. A calculation of evacuation time was calculated and the way of evacuation studied, in different fire scenarios, number and location of occupants. The numerical simulations used Fire Dynamics Simulator and Pathfinder softwares, the first for fire spreading and the second for evacuation analysis. The importance of smoke control system, and its rapid activation in case of fire, was highlighted by the results obtained. In situations where this did not occur, there was a significant worsening in the evacuation of the occupants. It was estimated the incapacitation of a significant number of occupants, considering the levels registered for the fractional effective dose. The station’s architectural constraints proved to be a crucial factor in the results of the study. This article highlights important results applicable to subway stations around the world.

里斯本Baixa-Chiado地铁站发生火灾时进行疏散
确保任何建筑物都有安全疏散其居住者的条件是至关重要的。这一点在地铁站中是必不可少的,在地铁站中疏散必须以向上的方式进行,并且通常对应于构成单个消防隔间的大型结构。葡萄牙里斯本的Baixa-Chiado地铁站被选为研究火灾时的疏散,因为它的深度,经常光顾该站的乘客数量多,并且存在两条相交的火车线路。在不同的火灾场景下,计算疏散时间,研究疏散方式。数值模拟使用了Fire Dynamics Simulator和Pathfinder软件,第一个用于火灾蔓延,第二个用于疏散分析。得到的结果强调了烟雾控制系统的重要性,以及它在火灾时的快速激活。在没有发生这种情况的情况下,疏散居住者的情况严重恶化。考虑到登记的分数有效剂量水平,估计有相当数量的居住者丧失行为能力。车站的建筑限制被证明是影响研究结果的关键因素。本文重点介绍了适用于全球地铁站的重要结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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