O. V. Volkova, V. V. Zakharov, E. A. Il’ina, B. D. Antonov, A. A. Pankratov
{"title":"Electroreduction of Nickel(II) Chloride and Nickel(II) Fluoride Mixtures in a Heat Activated Battery","authors":"O. V. Volkova, V. V. Zakharov, E. A. Il’ina, B. D. Antonov, A. A. Pankratov","doi":"10.1134/S0036029524701672","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The discharge characteristics of heat activated batteries (HABs) containing NiCl<sub>2</sub>–NiF<sub>2</sub> mixtures as a positive electrode are studied. For the current density range from 0.25 to 1.5 A cm<sup>–2</sup>, this cathodic material is characterized by stable electrical characteristics in a temperature range of 480–600°C. The optimum composition of the cathodic mixture for the discharge conditions of HAB cells under study is determined. The reduction products of the NiCl<sub>2</sub>–NiF<sub>2</sub> cathodic mixtures are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). The components of the cathodic mixture are reduced via the two-electron electrochemical reaction. The reduction products are metallic nickel and lithium halides. Lithium salts form solid solutions based on lithium chloride. Nickel forms the dendrite sponge that grows during HAB cell discharge and shifts deep inside the positive electrode. Pores of the dendrite sponge are filled with the salt fraction with a melting point of 470–490°C. The melting point of the salt fraction predetermines the lower boundary of the working temperature range of the HAB cell under study.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 4","pages":"798 - 804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0036029524701672","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract—The discharge characteristics of heat activated batteries (HABs) containing NiCl2–NiF2 mixtures as a positive electrode are studied. For the current density range from 0.25 to 1.5 A cm–2, this cathodic material is characterized by stable electrical characteristics in a temperature range of 480–600°C. The optimum composition of the cathodic mixture for the discharge conditions of HAB cells under study is determined. The reduction products of the NiCl2–NiF2 cathodic mixtures are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). The components of the cathodic mixture are reduced via the two-electron electrochemical reaction. The reduction products are metallic nickel and lithium halides. Lithium salts form solid solutions based on lithium chloride. Nickel forms the dendrite sponge that grows during HAB cell discharge and shifts deep inside the positive electrode. Pores of the dendrite sponge are filled with the salt fraction with a melting point of 470–490°C. The melting point of the salt fraction predetermines the lower boundary of the working temperature range of the HAB cell under study.
期刊介绍：
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) publishes results of original experimental and theoretical research in the form of reviews and regular articles devoted to topical problems of metallurgy, physical metallurgy, and treatment of ferrous, nonferrous, rare, and other metals and alloys, intermetallic compounds, and metallic composite materials. The journal focuses on physicochemical properties of metallurgical materials (ores, slags, matters, and melts of metals and alloys); physicochemical processes (thermodynamics and kinetics of pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, electrochemical, and other processes); theoretical metallurgy; metal forming; thermoplastic and thermochemical treatment; computation and experimental determination of phase diagrams and thermokinetic diagrams; mechanisms and kinetics of phase transitions in metallic materials; relations between the chemical composition, phase and structural states of materials and their physicochemical and service properties; interaction between metallic materials and external media; and effects of radiation on these materials.
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