Techno-economic analysis of green hydrogen production and electric vehicle charging using redundant energy on a solar photovoltaic mini-grid

Gidphil Mensah , Richard Opoku , Francis Davis , George Yaw Obeng
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Abstract

The trajectory of the world's energy use has moved towards the use of renewable energy to increase energy access. Solar energy's pace of growth as a result of its low cost has resulted in it being used to generate electricity for areas that do not have access to grid electricity. Thus, solar photovoltaic mini-grid systems have been deployed in several areas. Over time, it has been found that these systems generate a significant amount of redundant energy, which translates to low profitability for the mini-grid operators, as only a fraction of the system's capacity is used. This study seeks to investigate the economic feasibility of using this redundant energy for green hydrogen production and electric vehicle charging. The results revealed that both the green hydrogen production and electric vehicle charging are economically viable. Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Simple Payback Period obtained for green hydrogen production are $20,000, 24.6 %, 9 years, while those of the electric vehicle charging are $109,625, 28.41 %, 4 years respectively. Over the projects’ lifetime, levelised cost of hydrogen and levelised cost of energy for charging are $6.88/kg and $0.23/kWh respectively. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis revealed that the levelised costs for both projects are most sensitive to the plant capacity factor and capital expenditure. The study also shows that the wasted energy of the PV mini-grid could be reduced from as high as 69.95 % to nearly 0 %. This research underscores the potential of other clean energy technologies to reduce the wasted energy on existing PV systems, whiles improving the economic state of mini-grid communities.

Abstract Image

绿色制氢和利用太阳能光伏微型电网上冗余能量的电动汽车充电技术经济分析
世界能源使用的轨迹已经朝着使用可再生能源来增加能源获取的方向发展。由于成本低廉,太阳能的发展速度使得它被用于为没有电网的地区发电。因此,太阳能光伏微型电网系统已在几个地区部署。随着时间的推移,人们发现这些系统产生了大量的冗余能量,这意味着微型电网运营商的盈利能力很低,因为只有一小部分系统的容量被使用。本研究旨在探讨将这种多余能源用于绿色制氢和电动汽车充电的经济可行性。结果表明,绿色制氢和电动汽车充电在经济上是可行的。绿色制氢的净现值、内部收益率和简单投资回收期分别为2万美元、24.6%、9年,电动汽车充电的净现值、内部收益率和简单投资回收期分别为109,625美元、28.41%、4年。在项目的生命周期内,氢气的平准化成本和充电的平准化能源成本分别为6.88美元/千克和0.23美元/千瓦时。此外,敏感性分析显示,这两个项目的平化成本对工厂产能因素和资本支出最为敏感。研究还表明,光伏微电网的能源浪费率可以从高达69.95%降低到接近0%。这项研究强调了其他清洁能源技术的潜力,可以减少现有光伏系统的能源浪费,同时改善微型电网社区的经济状况。
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