eDNA tech tracks lethal jellyfish with CRISPR precision

Abstract

Coastal public safety depends on detecting and monitoring dangerous box jellyfish, especially Chiropsoides buitendijki. CRISPR-Cas12a technology was used to create and validate a new eDNA-based detection technique for rapid, sensitive, and accurate identification of C. buitendijki eDNA in the Gulf of Thailand. After analysing 567 reactions across 63 sites, CRISPR-Cas12a successfully detected eDNA at 17 locations where earlier methods had been unsuccessful. Interestingly, a single water sample and one CRISPR-Cas12a replicate per site could achieve 95 % or higher detection rates, proving the method's efficacy. This method's accuracy was evident in both field sample collection and laboratory analysis stages, as it exhibited a low false positive rate and a high true positive rate. Although the CRISPR-Cas12a eDNA method does not require expensive scientific instruments, it cannot quantify eDNA in samples, simply reporting its presence or absence. Despite this limitation, the method achieved a detection limit (LOD) of 0.15 copies per reaction, with robust specificity validated through both in silico and in vitro testing. CRISPR-Cas12a's effectiveness, cost-efficiency, and ease to use make it particularly advantageous for developing countries. The method offers a powerful tool for early warning and preventive measures, enhancing beach safety protocols, and mitigating risks associated with jellyfish encounters. Its scalability and affordability support routine monitoring, promoting sustainable coastal management, and protecting tourism-dependent economies. The CRISPR-Cas12a eDNA system enhances marine biodiversity monitoring by integrating scientific rigour with practical utility, paving the way for advancements in public health and environmental management.