New frontiers in scar management: Adipose tissue transplantation techniques

Abstract

A scar is a condition characterized by excessive repair of skin tissue, resulting in a fibroproliferative disorder marked by abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix. This disorder typically stems from deep dermal damage caused by burns or trauma and presents with symptoms such as itching and pain. Moreover, scarring can lead to disfigurement and psychological distress in affected individuals, making it a prevalent concern in burn plastic surgery outpatient clinics. In the current scar treatment landscape, one of the forefront approaches involves the grafting of adipose tissue and its components. This cutting-edge methodology encompasses various techniques, including nanofat grafting, adipose-derived stem cell matrigel applications, stromal vascular component transplantation, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell infusion. Research in this domain has consistently demonstrated the remarkable capabilities of adipose tissue and its components in tissue regeneration, extracellular matrix remodeling, and anti-fibrotic actions. Notably, topical grafting of adipose tissue has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue, showing significant improvements in both visual appearance and symptomatic relief associated with scars. The multifaceted functions of adipose tissue play a pivotal role in enhancing the overall outcomes of scar treatments. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively evaluate and highlight the role of adipose tissue and its various components in scar treatment. By providing a theoretical foundation, this review aimed to serve as a valuable reference for improving the efficacy of scar management strategies.