Ions in motion: From biological channels to engineered transport systems

IF 5.4 1区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

GIANT Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI:10.1016/j.giant.2025.100352

Bei Wu , Yifan Yan , Yuting Zhu , Changxing Ji , Yangyang Lin , Chao Lang

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Abstract

Natural membrane proteins are molecular machines evolved over billions of years, playing crucial roles in various physiological functions by precisely mediating transmembrane transport processes. Inspired by these marvels, people have developed many artificial transport systems with structures and functions matching those of natural proteins. Compared to proteins in nature, engineered transport systems offer advantage in structural simplicity, stability, and cost-effectiveness. These artificial systems could find applications in areas ranging from medical treatment to new materials, and to biotechnologies. This review begins by examining ionic flow in nature, where the high efficiency and selectivity of protein channels have inspired engineered systems. We then explore different types of artificial transport systems, including artificial channels, transporters, and nanopores, and techniques for characterizing these systems. Applications in therapeutics, biotechnologies, separation, and energy harvesting are discussed. Finally, we offer perspectives and outlook on the further advancement of the artificial ion transport systems.

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运动中的离子：从生物通道到工程运输系统

天然膜蛋白是经过数十亿年进化而来的分子机器，通过精确介导跨膜运输过程，在各种生理功能中发挥着至关重要的作用。受这些奇迹的启发，人们开发了许多人工运输系统，其结构和功能与天然蛋白质相匹配。与自然界的蛋白质相比，工程运输系统在结构简单，稳定性和成本效益方面具有优势。这些人工系统可以在医疗、新材料和生物技术等领域得到应用。本综述从研究自然界中的离子流动开始，其中蛋白质通道的高效率和选择性激发了工程系统。然后，我们探索了不同类型的人工运输系统，包括人工通道、转运体和纳米孔，以及表征这些系统的技术。讨论了在治疗学、生物技术、分离和能量收集方面的应用。最后，对人工离子输运系统的进一步发展进行了展望。

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来源期刊

GIANT Multiple-

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

8.60%

发文量

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Giant is an interdisciplinary title focusing on fundamental and applied macromolecular science spanning all chemistry, physics, biology, and materials aspects of the field in the broadest sense. Key areas covered include macromolecular chemistry, supramolecular assembly, multiscale and multifunctional materials, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, biophysics, biomimetics and surface science. Core topics range from developments in synthesis, characterisation and assembly towards creating uniformly sized precision macromolecules with tailored properties, to the design and assembly of nanostructured materials in multiple dimensions, and further to the study of smart or living designer materials with tuneable multiscale properties.