Synthesis, characterization, and application of a novel electrochemical sensor based on poly [Mn(Chr)3]Cl2/PGE for the determination of ciprofloxacin in pharmaceuticals and urine samples

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin (Cpro) is a synthetic second-generation drug belonging to the fluoroquinolones class and its excretion in urine as unchanged, improper use, and overuse contributes to bacterial resistance. Therefore, continuous monitoring using sensitive and selective methods are required. In this work, a voltammetric technique with a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified by a novel complex of manganese (II) and chrysine (Chr (C₁₇H₁₄O₇)) ([Mn(Chr)₃]Cl₂) has been developed. The performance and surface of the modified electrode were characterized using CV, EIS, Uv-Vis and digital optical microscope and compared with the unmodified PGE electrode. The developed method has been calibrated using a series of standard solutions with increasing concentration after optimizing pH and SWV parameters. Then, ciprofloxacin has been determined in two brands of pharmaceuticals, in urine samples, and in the presence of different potential interference. The percent recoveries of Cpro in pharmaceuticals were in the range of 84.5–114.3 %, and in urine samples were in the range of 92.8–114.9 %. The values of dynamic range, LoD, and sensitivity were 1–200 µM, 0.536 µM, and −0.161, respectively. The method was selective towards Cpro in the presence of paracetamol and uric acid and can be taken as an option for the determination of ciprofloxacin in different matrices.