How do cyclists experience a context-aware prototype warning system? Assessing perceived safety, perception and riding behaviour changes through a field study

Abstract

The number of bicycle crashes is increasing in many European countries. In the Netherlands, a country well-known for its high-quality cycling infrastructure and cycling culture, bicycle crashes are also increasing, especially for e-bike users. Smart bicycle technologies, such as safety warning support systems, could contribute to reducing crash risk for cyclists. However, perceived safety and trust in these technologies are determinant factors in accepting and using such technologies. This study investigated users’ perceived safety, perceived trust, and perceived performance with a context-aware prototype warning system to support cyclists in the real world. In addition, it investigated users’ riding behaviour changes when receiving warnings in high crash risk locations by collecting GPS data. The above were evaluated through a field trial experiment using three rides per participant, with the first one serving as a control ride and a follow-up questionnaire after each ride conducted in Enschede, the Netherlands, between April and May 2024, with a sample of 46 participants. Results show that participants’ perceived safety increased after they tried out the prototype warning system. In addition, it was found that warning systems positively influence participants’ riding behaviour, since they reduced their speed. This study proves the potential benefits of smart bicycle technologies in improving cyclists’ safety.