Alarming rise in prevalence of obesity among children with essential hypertension: Reflection of larger global epidemiological change of adolescent nutritional status

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI:10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101948

Vishwak Gundeti, Shrikiran Aroor, Koushik H, Leslie E. Lewis, Suneel C. Mundkur, Ramesh Bhat Y, Pushpa Kini

{"title":"Alarming rise in prevalence of obesity among children with essential hypertension: Reflection of larger global epidemiological change of adolescent nutritional status","authors":"Vishwak Gundeti, Shrikiran Aroor, Koushik H, Leslie E. Lewis, Suneel C. Mundkur, Ramesh Bhat Y, Pushpa Kini","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101948","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Young-onset hypertension is emerging as a substantial public health issue globally, especially in children and adolescents. The rising incidence of essential hypertension in pediatric populations is chiefly attributable to changes in lifestyle and obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study assesses the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and causes of hypertension in children aged 1 month to 18 years with a focus on essential hypertension and obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective observational study was undertaken at the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care medical college in Southern India from October 2022 to July 2024. The research encompassed 116 children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted with hypertension, diagnosed as per 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines. Data encompassing demographic information, familial history - risk factors for hypertension, anthropometric parameters, and clinical characteristics were gathered. Details of diagnostic evaluations conducted, comprising blood tests, imaging studies, and hormonal analyses were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of hypertension among the admitted children during the study period was found to be 1.6 %. Renal parenchymal disorders accounted for the major cause of hypertension (68.9 %), followed by essential hypertension (15.5 %). In children with essential hypertension, obesity/overweight was the most common risk factor, observed in 72.2 % of patients, followed by family history of hypertension (44.4 %). Hypertensive urgency and emergency were seen in 14 (13.3 %) and 6 (5.7 %) patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There has been a substantial increase in the proportion of essential hypertension among children and a significant rise in the incidence of overweight/obesity among children with essential hypertension. Timely screening, lifestyle alterations, and effective care are essential for reducing long-term problems related to paediatric hypertension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398425000375","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Young-onset hypertension is emerging as a substantial public health issue globally, especially in children and adolescents. The rising incidence of essential hypertension in pediatric populations is chiefly attributable to changes in lifestyle and obesity.

Aim

This study assesses the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and causes of hypertension in children aged 1 month to 18 years with a focus on essential hypertension and obesity.

Methods

A prospective observational study was undertaken at the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care medical college in Southern India from October 2022 to July 2024. The research encompassed 116 children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted with hypertension, diagnosed as per 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines. Data encompassing demographic information, familial history - risk factors for hypertension, anthropometric parameters, and clinical characteristics were gathered. Details of diagnostic evaluations conducted, comprising blood tests, imaging studies, and hormonal analyses were analyzed.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension among the admitted children during the study period was found to be 1.6 %. Renal parenchymal disorders accounted for the major cause of hypertension (68.9 %), followed by essential hypertension (15.5 %). In children with essential hypertension, obesity/overweight was the most common risk factor, observed in 72.2 % of patients, followed by family history of hypertension (44.4 %). Hypertensive urgency and emergency were seen in 14 (13.3 %) and 6 (5.7 %) patients.

Conclusion

There has been a substantial increase in the proportion of essential hypertension among children and a significant rise in the incidence of overweight/obesity among children with essential hypertension. Timely screening, lifestyle alterations, and effective care are essential for reducing long-term problems related to paediatric hypertension.

查看原文本刊更多论文

原发性高血压儿童肥胖患病率的惊人上升：反映了青少年营养状况更大的全球流行病学变化

背景：年轻发病的高血压正在成为一个全球性的重大公共卫生问题，尤其是在儿童和青少年中。儿童原发性高血压发病率的上升主要是由于生活方式的改变和肥胖。目的探讨1个月~ 18岁儿童高血压的临床特点、危险因素及发病原因，重点研究原发性高血压和肥胖。方法于2022年10月至2024年7月在印度南部一所三级医疗学院儿科进行前瞻性观察研究。该研究包括116名1个月至18岁的儿童，他们被诊断患有高血压，根据2017年美国儿科学会（AAP）指南进行诊断。数据包括人口统计信息、高血压家族史危险因素、人体测量参数和临床特征。分析了所进行的诊断评估的细节，包括血液检查、影像学检查和激素分析。结果研究期间住院儿童高血压患病率为1.6%。肾实质疾病是高血压的主要病因（68.9%），其次是原发性高血压（15.5%）。在患有原发性高血压的儿童中，肥胖/超重是最常见的危险因素，占72.2%，其次是高血压家族史（44.4%）。高血压急症和急症分别为14例（13.3%）和6例（5.7%）。结论儿童原发性高血压比例明显上升，儿童原发性高血压超重/肥胖发生率明显上升。及时筛查、改变生活方式和有效护理对于减少与儿童高血压相关的长期问题至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

7.70%

发文量

218

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health (CEGH) is a multidisciplinary journal and it is published four times (March, June, September, December) a year. The mandate of CEGH is to promote articles on clinical epidemiology with focus on developing countries in the context of global health. We also accept articles from other countries. It publishes original research work across all disciplines of medicine and allied sciences, related to clinical epidemiology and global health. The journal publishes Original articles, Review articles, Evidence Summaries, Letters to the Editor. All articles published in CEGH are peer-reviewed and published online for immediate access and citation.