Cáncer de ovario

Abstract

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in developed countries and both its incidence and mortality are increasing. Risk factors include both genetic elements, such as mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes and others involved in the DNA error repair system, and lifestyle. Epithelial ovarian cancer is classified into five histological subtypes with distinct molecular characteristics and different prognoses. Early diagnosis is difficult due to nonspecific symptoms and the absence of effective screening. Therefore, most cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. Treatment depends on the stage. In early stages (I-II), treatment consists of complete cytoreductive surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel is used in stages II and I high grade disease. In advanced disease (stages IIIC-IV), neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval surgery is indicated if complete primary cytoreduction is not feasible. Maintenance therapy includes bevacizumab and/or PARP inhibitors.