Thermally radiative MHD Jeffery-Hamel flow in a convergent-divergent conduit: A hybrid nanofluid fluid model under nanoparticles shape factor impact

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the heat transfer and the magnetohydrodynamic flow properties of synthesize J-H hybrid nanofluids with emphasis on the impacts of thermal radiation and hydro-magnetic field and heat generation from source/sink. Besides, the research also looks at the effects of the shape factor with the nanoparticle: Sphere-NP, Column-NP, and Lamina-NP, and the effects of the basic fluid blends, like ethylene glycol and water variant 30%:70%. In this situation two nanoparticles are considered (i.e. $Zr{O}_2$ and $Mo{S}_2$). We derive nonlinear ODEs from the governing nonlinear PDEs utilizing the similarity transformations. The model's performance is assessed through both numerical and analytical solutions, the analytical solution has been constructed using the Duan–Rach Approach (DRA) and numerical using the Fourth order Runge-Kutta Method (RK4) illustrating the influence of key factors on velocity and temperature profiles, as well as skin friction and Nusselt numbers. The present results show that thermal radiation and heat generation parameters have a beneficial impact on heat transference across the convergent and divergent channels; thus, it is vital to consider radiation and heat generation effects while modeling hybrid nanofluids thermally. External magnetic field influence also affects the flow behaviour; with changes in magnetic field strength influencing the velocity and thermal field of the nanofluids. In fact, the magnetic field has a stabilizing effect where the reversal flow is entirely excluded. In addition, it has been revealed that different base fluids exhibit different thermal and flow behaviors when mixed with hybrid nanoparticles which supports the use of the right base fluids in certain applications.