Phosphoramidates as promising low-loading flame retardants for low density polyethylene

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111217

Alejandro Fonseca , Carlos Marquez , Nikolaos Giakoumakis , Ivica Duretek , Eleni Pachatouridou , Stylianos Stefanidis , Maarten Rubens , Angelos Lappas , Thomas Lucyshyn , Dirk De Vos

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The search for non-halogenated, environmentally friendly flame retardants for plastics remains a major priority for industry. Current solutions rely mainly on the use of inorganic salts in high loading, which also alters the material properties. In this regard, phosphoramidate compounds have shown promising results at already low loadings in different polymeric materials; however, they still remain a relatively unexplored option. Here, we study the potential use of several phosphorus-based flame retardants (P-FR) for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Characterization of the prepared LDPE P-FR formulations showed minor differences between their physicochemical properties and those of the virgin LDPE polymer, while exhibiting a notable flame retardancy effect. Remarkably, the synthesized P-FR outperformed the commercially used inorganic salts when used at the same loadings. Finally, two potential methods for the valorization of waste LDPE were investigated to evaluate the effect of the P-FR on the chemical recyclability of the polymer.

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.