Late-Life Divorce and well-being of older people: A systematic review

Abstract

Background

As the global population of older people continue to increase, Late-Life Divorce has emerged as an important public health concern. This systematic review aimed to explore the impact of Late-Life Divorce on the well-being of older people.

Methods

The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO were searched for articles published between January 1, 2005, and July 31, 2024. Both quantitative, qualitative and mixed method studies were included in the review. The findings were synthesized using Schlossberg's transition theory as a framework.

Results

The search for literature yielded 468 papers. Seven studies conducted in four countries among 13,878 older people were included in this review. Late-Life Divorce had a significant impact on older people across multiple domains. Women were disproportionately affected, particularly regarding financial losses and economic insecurity. The coping strategies adopted varied among men and women. Women engaged in problem-focused techniques, while men engaged in maladaptive strategies. Social support emerged as an important factor in mitigating the negative effects of divorce, though those facing estrangement or health issues experienced greater challenges in accessing support.

Conclusion

There is the need for gender-sensitive interventions, financial counselling, and expanded social support services to promote post-divorce well-being of older people. Further research is required to understand the experiences of older divorced men, and individuals in Lower- and Middle-Income settings, where cultural norms and economic systems may shape different outcomes.