Recent Advances in Electrochemical Organic Waste Reforming: Highlights on Anodic Chemistry, Materials Design, and System Integration

Abstract

As renewable electricity─particularly from solar energy─becomes more cost-effective, electrochemical organic waste reforming emerges as a promising solution for green hydrogen production. This approach also offers additional advantages in low-carbon waste management and the coproduction of value-added chemicals. However, its broader application has been limited, mainly due to gaps in the understanding of the complex properties of real mixed waste, reaction mechanisms, catalyst design, and system integration. This review provides a fresh perspective on the value of electrochemical reforming technology for both waste degradation and valorization. Initially, the suitability of various waste streams for electrochemical processes based on critical feedstock properties was examined. Subsequently, potential alternative anodic reactions for pollutant degradation and waste valorization to determine the optimal process pathways were screened. Finally, advanced catalysts, modules, and system designs to enhance techno-economic feasibility were explored. Overall, this review underscores the significant potential of electrochemical organic waste reforming for sustainable hydrogen production and waste management, offering insights into feasible pathways for commercializing the technology by addressing challenges related to waste feedstocks, catalysts, and systems.