Casting Skin Dressing Containing Extractions of the Organic Part of Marine Sponges for Wound Healing

Abstract

Skin wounds are extremely frequent injuries related to many etiologies. They are a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Skin dressings are the most popular therapy, and collagen is the most commonly used biomaterial, although new sources of collagen have been studied, especially spongin-like from marine sponges (SPG), as a promising source due to a similar composition to vertebrates and the ability to function as a cell-matrix adhesion framework. Despite evidence showing the positive effects of SPG for tissue healing, the effects of skin dressings manufactured are still limited. In this context, this study aimed at investigating the effects of collagen skin dressings in an experimental model of skin wounds in rats. For this purpose, SEM, FTIR, cell viability, morphological and morphometric aspects, collagen deposition, and immunostaining of TGF-β and FGF were evaluated. The results demonstrated micro- and macropores on the rough surface, peak characteristics of collagen, and no cytotoxicity for the skin dressing. Also, the control group (CG) after 5 and 10 days exhibited an intense inflammatory process and the presence of granulation tissue, while the treated group (TG) exhibited re-epithelialization after 10 days. The evaluation of granulation tissue and neoepithelial length had an intragroup statistical difference (p = 0.0216) and no intergroup difference. Birefringence demonstrated an organized mesh arranged in a network pattern, presenting type I and type III collagen fibers in all groups. Moreover, in the morphometric evaluation, there were no statistical differences in intergroups or time points for the different types of collagen evaluated. In conclusion, these findings may indicate that the dressing has not exacerbated the inflammatory process and may allow faster healing. However, further studies using a critical wound healing injury model should be used, associated with longer experimental periods of evaluation, to further investigate the effects of these promising therapeutic approaches throughout the skin repair process.