Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Pulmonary Embolism in Central Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant public health concern. This retrospective cohort study examines the clinical profiles and outcomes of patients diagnosed with PE at a medical center in central Iran, aiming to identify mortality predictors during hospitalization and follow-up.

Methods: Data from 109 patients diagnosed with PE were analyzed, with a median follow-up of 23 months. The collected information included demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment protocols, and outcomes. Logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to identify independent mortality predictors and assess survival impact.

Results: The mean age was 59.2 years (±19.7), with 51.4% male. Common symptoms included dyspnea (86%) and chest pain (53%), with non-massive PE being the most prevalent (63%). Independent mortality predictors identified were age (odds ratio [OR] 1.065 per year, P<0.001), female sex (OR 4.421, P=0.009), and PE severity (OR 0.262, P=0.023). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed reduced survival probabilities in females (P=0.009), those with provoked PE (P=0.002), patients over 65 (P=0.016), and individuals with comorbidities (P=0.018). In-hospital mortality was 10.1%, linked to provoked massive PE, absence of thrombolytic therapy, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Conclusion: In this cohort, age, sex, and PE severity were significant mortality predictors, while provoked PE, advanced age, and comorbidities were associated with lower mid-term survival probabilities.