A new dynamic distribution model for Antarctic krill reveals interactions with their environment, predators, and the commercial fishery in the south Scotia Sea region

IF 3.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY
Jennifer J. Freer, Victoria Warwick-Evans, Georg Skaret, Bjørn A. Krafft, Sophie Fielding, Philip N. Trathan
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Abstract

The management strategy for the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) fishery is being revised. A key aim is to spatially and temporally allocate catches in a manner that minimizes impacts to both the krill stock and dependent predators. This process requires spatial information on the distribution and abundance of krill, yet gaps exist for an important fishing area surrounding the South Orkney Islands in the south Scotia Sea. To fill this need, we create a dynamic distribution model for krill in this region. We used data from a spatially and temporally consistent acoustic survey (2011–2020) and year-specific environmental covariates within a two-part hurdle model. The model successfully captured observed spatial and temporal patterns in krill density. The covariates found to be most important included distance from shelf break, distance from summer sea ice extent, and salinity. The northern and eastern shelf edges of the South Orkney Islands were areas of consistently high krill density and displayed strong spatial overlap between intense fishing activity and foraging chinstrap penguins. High mean krill density was also linked to oceanographic features located within the Weddell Sea. Our data suggest that years in which these features were closer to the South Orkney shelf were also years of positive Southern Annular Mode and higher observed krill densities. Our findings highlight existing fishery–predator–prey overlap in the region and support the hypothesis that Weddell Sea oceanography may play a role in transporting krill into this region. These results will feed into the next phase of krill fisheries management assessment.

Abstract Image

一个新的南极磷虾动态分布模型揭示了南斯科舍海地区磷虾与环境、捕食者和商业渔业的相互作用
目前正在修订南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)渔业管理战略。一个关键目标是以对磷虾种群和依赖捕食者的影响最小化的方式在空间和时间上分配捕捞量。这一过程需要关于磷虾分布和丰度的空间信息,但在南斯科舍海南奥克尼群岛周围的一个重要捕鱼区存在空白。为了满足这一需求,我们建立了该地区磷虾的动态分布模型。我们使用了空间和时间上一致的声学调查(2011-2020)的数据,并在两部分障碍模型中使用了特定年份的环境协变量。该模型成功地捕获了观察到的磷虾密度的时空格局。发现最重要的协变量包括与大陆架断裂的距离、与夏季海冰范围的距离和盐度。南奥克尼群岛北部和东部陆架边缘是磷虾密度持续较高的地区,在密集的捕捞活动和觅食帽带企鹅之间表现出强烈的空间重叠。高平均磷虾密度也与威德尔海的海洋特征有关。我们的数据表明,这些特征更接近南奥克尼大陆架的年份也是正南环模和更高观测到的磷虾密度的年份。我们的发现强调了该地区现有的渔业-捕食者-猎物重叠,并支持威德尔海海洋学可能在将磷虾运送到该地区方面发挥作用的假设。这些结果将用于磷虾渔业管理评估的下一阶段。
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来源期刊
Limnology and Oceanography
Limnology and Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
254
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.
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