Low cluster of differentiation 4+ T-cell count associated with thrombocytopenia among people living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 receiving antiretroviral in West Papua.

Abstract

Introduction. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia are blood-related irregularities linked to an increased likelihood of disease progression, leading to death in people living with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (PLHIV).Gap statement. Severe clinical conditions associated with human immunodeficiency 1 (HIV-1) infection may be related to blood irregularities among PLHIV.Aim. The study aimed to examine the factors correlated with blood irregularities among PLHIV receiving antiretroviral treatment in West Papua.Methodology. We conducted a study at hospitals in West Papua involving 80 participants who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) and agreed to provide informed consent. Standardized and validated questionnaires were used for data collection. Sequential assessment of haematological and immunological parameters was performed using Sysmex haematology and PIMA CD4+ analyser. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were applied, with a significance level set at P<0.05, to identify the key factors positively associated with blood irregularities.Results. The overall incidences of anaemia and thrombocytopenia were 56.3 and 40%, respectively. Fisher's exact test indicated that anaemia [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.160-7.866; P<0.05] and low CD4+ T-cell count (AOR: 3.81; 95 % CI: 1.485-9.820, P<0.05) were significantly associated with thrombocytopenia. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the most influential factor contributing to thrombocytopenia-related blood irregularities was the clinical CD4+ T-cell count (B=3.818; 95% CI: 1.485-9.820, P<0.05).Conclusion. CD4+ T-cell count was indicated as the main factor causing thrombocytopenia among PLHIV receiving ART in West Papua. It is crucial to conduct screening and regular haematological assessments among PLHIV having low CD4+ T-cell counts to mitigate morbidity and mortality risks.