Prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletes.

IF 3.3 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health Pub Date : 2024-12-11 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000954
Maria Larsson, Ida Lindman, Agneta Hörnell, Josefin Abrahamson
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Inadequate energy intake among athletes can lead to low energy availability (LEA) which in turn can result in negative effects on athletic performance and physical and psychological health. This syndrome is known as relative energy deficiency in sports (REDs).

Objective: To map perceived changes in overall food intake among adolescent athletes during the previous year, as well as weekly changes during a 3-month period and to examine how these changes are associated with mental health, physical load and sex.

Methods: A total of 168 high school athletes from eight different sports participated. A baseline questionnaire examined changes in training habits and food intake in the past year, mental health (short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS)), injury history and previous periods of poor psychological health. Weekly digital questionnaires for 3 months tracked weekly physical and mental load and changes in food intake. Comparative and correlation analyses were performed with p<0.05 considered significant.

Results: A decreased food intake during the previous year was reported more often among athletes experiencing periods of poor mental health than those without such periods (10% vs 2%; p=0.034). Athletes who decreased their food intake reported lower mental well-being than athletes who increased their food intake (mean difference in SWEMWBS=4.69±1.57; p=0.021). Over a 3-month period, most athletes did not change their food intake, yet fluctuations in physical load were reported.

Conclusion: This study showed that athletes experiencing lower mental health or period(s) of poor mental health reported decreased food intake more often than those with better mental health or those without period(s) of poor mental health. In addition, the mismatch found between perceived weekly changes in overall food intake and changes in physical load during the same time period could potentially result in an increased risk for LEA.

青少年优秀运动员食物摄入变化的前瞻性研究。
背景:运动员能量摄入不足会导致能量利用率低,进而对运动成绩和身心健康产生负面影响。这种综合症被称为运动中相对能量缺乏(red)。目的:绘制前一年青少年运动员总体食物摄入量的变化,以及3个月期间每周的变化,并研究这些变化与心理健康、身体负荷和性别之间的关系。方法:对168名来自8个不同体育项目的高中运动员进行调查。一份基线问卷调查了过去一年中训练习惯和食物摄入的变化、心理健康(沃里克-爱丁堡心理健康量表(SWEMWBS)的简短版本)、受伤史和以前心理健康状况不佳的时期。为期3个月的每周电子调查问卷追踪了每周的身体和精神负荷以及食物摄入量的变化。对结果进行了比较和相关性分析:在经历心理健康状况不佳的运动员中,前一年食物摄入量减少的情况比没有心理健康状况不佳的运动员多(10%对2%;p = 0.034)。减少食物摄入量的运动员比增加食物摄入量的运动员报告的心理幸福感更低(SWEMWBS的平均差异=4.69±1.57;p = 0.021)。在3个月的时间里,大多数运动员没有改变他们的食物摄入量,但据报道,他们的身体负荷出现了波动。结论:本研究表明,与心理健康状况良好或没有心理健康状况不佳的运动员相比,心理健康状况较差或心理健康状况不佳的运动员更经常报告食物摄入量减少。此外,在同一时间段内,总食物摄入量的每周变化与身体负荷的变化之间的不匹配可能会导致LEA风险增加。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health Nursing-Nutrition and Dietetics
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
34
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