Modern perspective of the Rice Diet for hypertension and other metabolic diseases.

IF 3.3 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health Pub Date : 2024-12-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000949
Romeo Sommerfeld, Paul Ermler, Jana Fehr, Benjamin Bergner, David Lopez, Scott Sanoff, Francis A Neelon, Anthony Kuo, William McDowell, Yi-Ju Li, Smilla Fox, Abdullatif Ghajar, Elena Gensch, Cedric Lorenz, Martin Preiss, Tom Richter, Friedrich C Luft, Philip Klemmer, Anastacia Bohannon, Christoph Lippert, Pao-Hwa Lin
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: In the early 1940s, before antihypertensive drugs were available, the Rice Diet Programme (RDP) was developed to treat severe hypertension and, later, diabetes and obesity. Despite significant advancements in dietary management for these conditions since then, debates remain regarding the proper guidelines for sodium and macronutrients intakes. The patient care records of RDP offer a unique source of longitudinal examination of a very low sodium (<10 mmol/day), fat, cholesterol and protein diet on blood pressure (BP), other health markers and survival.

Methods: In 2019, the Rice Diet Database Project (RDDP) digitised handwritten patient care records and retinal photographs of 17 487 RDP participants, establishing a digital database for analyses. Manual transcription accuracy exceeded 97%. We used regression models to investigate the impact of dietary adherence on systolic BP (SBP) and body weight. Further, we performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to compare 5-year survival probability of participants defined by baseline level of SBP.

Results: The database encompasses a wide array of health markers, including BP, weight, urine chloride (UCl) concentration and retinal features that offer a unique resource for studying the impact of the RDP on hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Initial analysis shows reductions in BP and weight as well as improved survival in participants with severe hypertension, underscoring the effectiveness of the diet. The data also permit examining the safety of extreme dietary sodium reduction.The database has numerous strengths (large patient population; extensive, long-term measurements and the use of UCl excretion to document dietary adherence) and limitations (missing data; temporal changes in methodologies over 50 years and lack of control subjects).

Conclusion: The RDDP database allows exploration of the effects of a diet extremely low in sodium, protein, fat and cholesterol on health indicators and patient survival. This report highlights the database's potential for detailed and intricate future analyses.

大米饮食治疗高血压和其他代谢疾病的现代观点。
背景:在20世纪40年代早期,在降压药问世之前,Rice Diet program (RDP)被用于治疗严重高血压,后来又用于治疗糖尿病和肥胖症。尽管从那时起,这些疾病的饮食管理取得了重大进展,但关于钠和大量营养素摄入的适当指南仍存在争议。RDP的患者护理记录为极低钠的纵向检查提供了独特的来源(方法:2019年,Rice Diet Database Project (RDDP)对17487名RDP参与者的手写患者护理记录和视网膜照片进行了数字化,建立了一个用于分析的数字数据库。人工转录准确率超过97%。我们使用回归模型来研究饮食依从性对收缩压(SBP)和体重的影响。此外,我们进行Kaplan-Meier生存分析,比较以基线收缩压水平定义的参与者的5年生存率。结果:该数据库包含一系列广泛的健康指标,包括血压、体重、尿氯浓度和视网膜特征,为研究RDP对高血压、糖尿病和肥胖的影响提供了独特的资源。初步分析显示,严重高血压患者的血压和体重均有所降低,生存期也有所改善,强调了这种饮食的有效性。这些数据还允许检查极端减少饮食钠的安全性。该数据库有很多优势(患者数量大;广泛、长期的测量和使用UCl排泄来记录饮食依从性)和局限性(缺少数据;50年来方法的时间变化和缺乏对照对象)。结论:RDDP数据库允许探索极低钠、蛋白质、脂肪和胆固醇饮食对健康指标和患者生存的影响。该报告强调了该数据库在未来进行详细和复杂分析的潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health Nursing-Nutrition and Dietetics
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
34
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